Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology > Biology Keywords > Flashcards

Biology Keywords Flashcards

1
Q

Population

A

All organisms of the same species found in the same ecosystem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Community

A

All the different populations living in a particular area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Habitat

A

The specific place where an organism lives.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ecosystem

A

The community of organisms that interact and depend on each other, plus all the biotic and abiotic factors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Biotic Factors

A

Living organisms that affect the environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Abiotic Factors

A

Physical factors that affect the environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Producer

A

A green plant; it can produce its own food by photosynthesis; it is always at the beginning of a food chain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Primary Consumer

A

An animal that eats plants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Secondary Consumer

A

An animal that eats other animals (eats primary consumers).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tertiary Consumer

A

An animal that eats secondary consumers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Decomposer

A

An organism that feeds on dead and decaying matter; can be anywhere in the food chain (e.g. fungi/bacteria etc).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Food chain

A

A sequence of organisms that eat each other. The first link must be a producer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Food Web

A

Interconnected food chains; not only one species eating another.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pyramid of Numbers

A

A pyramid shaped diagram of all the organisms in an ecosystem according to their feeding level; could be an irregular shape.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pyramid of Biomass

A

A pyramid diagram showing the total mass of organisms at each trophic level.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pyramid of energy

A

A pyramid diagram showing the amount of energy available as food, which can be passed on to the next trophic level.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Calculation for energy content

A

temperature x 4.2 x mass of water DIVIDED BY mass of food.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Active site

A

A region of the enzyme that is a complimentary shape to the substrate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Substrate

A

The molecule being changed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Variable

A

A factor that can have different values, e.g. time, temperature, concentration, distance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Independent Variable

A

These are the values I select. This is what we change.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Dependant Variable

A

This depends on the value of the independent variable. It is what we measure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Controlled Variable

A

Variables I keep the same throughout the experiment. If I did not, then they may affect the dependent variable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Fair Test

A

When the only factor affecting the dependant variable is the independent variable i.e all the other variables have been kept the same. (the controlled variables).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Diffusion
The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.
26
Osmosis
The net movement of WATER from an area of low solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration through a SELECTIVLEY permeable membrane.
27
Active Transport
The movement o particles from an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration across a selectively permeable membrane using energy.
28
Goblet Cell
A cell that produces mucus.
29
Cellular Respiration
Glucose + Oxygen ---> Carbon Dioxide + Water + ENERGY
30
Photosynthesis
Water + Carbon Dioxide ---(light)---> Oxygen + Glucose
31
Waxy Cuticle
Reduce water loss from top of the leaf.
32
Palisade Mesophyll
Contain many chloroplasts for photosynthesis
33
Spongy Mesophyll
Air gaps that allow O2 and CO2 to diffuse in and out of cells.
34
Xylem
Transports water from roots to leaves.
35
Phloem
Transports sugars and nutrients around plant.
36
Stomata
Allows O2 and Co2 to enter and exit the leaf.
37
Guard Cells
Can close stomata to reduce water loss from leaf by TRANSPIRATION.
38
Epidermis
Near upper surface to absorb more light.
39
Arteries
- Carry blood away from the heart - Have thick muscular wall - Blood is pumped at high pressure - Have a narrow lumen
40
Capillaries
- Microscopic (walls are one cell thick) - In contact with all cells (especially important in lungs and muscles) - Blood at low pressure - Where substances such as O2 and nutrients are passed to cells and CO2 and waste products are passed from the cells
41
Veins
- Carry blood to the heart - Have think walls - Larger lumen - Blood at low pressure - Have valves to stop the backflow of blood
42
What is blood made of?
Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets.
43
Plasma
Contains blood cells and platelets; important for transporting digested food,CO2, Urea, Hormones and Heat Energy.
44
Red Blood Cells
- Carry oxygen - contain haemoglobin - contain oxyhaemoglobin - Do not contain nuclei - Have a very large surface area to volume ratio
45
White Blood Cells
- Fight disease | - 2 types: Phagocytes and Lymphocytes
46
Lymphocytes
Secrete a specific antibody to a specific disease.
47
Platelets
Responsible for causing blood to clot if the skin is cut. They are tiny fragments of 'old cells'. Produce FIBRINOGEL to heal skin (scab) to prevent blood loss and protect the blood against bacteria. MESH OF FIBRES.
48
Renal Artery
Carries blood to kidney.
49
ADH
The hormone that is involved in producing concentrated urine.
50
Bowman's Capsule
Cup shaped structure through which the fluid part of the blood is filtered.
51
Collecting Duct
Where the majority of water is extracted from the urine.
52
Loop of Henle
Looped portion of the tubule. Important for helping concentrate the urine.
53
Distal Convoluted Tubule
Where hydrogen and potassium ions are secreted into the urine.
54
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
Glucose, salts, water and amino acids are reabsorbed into the blood capillaries here.
55
Glomerulus
Tuft of capillaries carrying high pressure blood.
56
Urethra
Carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.
57
Renal vein
Carries deoxygenated blood away from the kidneys.
58
Medula
The inner region of the kidney.
59
Sphincter
Muscle that opens to allow urine to be removed from the bladder.
60
Cortex
The outer region of the kidney.
61
Renal Artery
Caries oxygenated blood to the kidney.
62
Pelvis
The part of the kidney that collects the urine before it passes down the ureter.
63
Capsule
The tough, fibrous coat around the kidney.
64
Bladder
Stores urine before it is removed from the body.
65
Ureter
The tube that carries urine away from the kidney.
66
Kidney
Converts blood to urine.
67
Homeostasis
Maintains your internal environment within set limits.
68
Osmoregulation
The homeostasis of water in your body.
69
Pituitary gland
Secretes ADH; controls water levels of the blood.
70
Pancreas gland
Secretes insulin; lowers blood glucose levels when too high.
71
Adrenal glands
Secrete adrenaline; prepares body for action (FIGHT OR FLIGHT)
72
Testes
Secrete testosterone; control development of secondary sexual characteristics.
73
Ovaries
Secretes Oestrogen; Control development of secondary sexual characteristics, repairs and thickens uterus lining. Secretes Progesterone; maintains the uterus lining.
74
Iris
Controls the amount of light entering the eye.
75
Lens
Can change shape to focus light onto the retina.
76
Cornea
Most bending of the light occurs here to help focus light onto the retina
77
Optic Nerve
Carries impulses away from the brain.
78
Retina
Black layer consisting of lots of blood vessels.
79
Blind spot
Point where optic nerve attaches to eye, no light sensitive cells are here.
80
Ciliary muscle
Changes the thickness of the lens when focusing.
81
Suspensory Ligament
Holds lens in place.
82
Aqueous Humour
Watery liquid filling in front of the eye. Provides nutrients for lens.
83
Vitreous Humour
Transparent jelly-like substance which supports the back of the eye.
84
Pupil
Hole in the iris through which light passes.
85
Sclerotic
Tough white protective layer. Holds the shape of the eye.
86
Choroid
Inner-sensitive layer that contains rod cells that work in dim light and cones that detect colour and bright light.
87
Fovea
Most sensitive part of the retina due to greatest number of cones.
88
Conjunctiva
Located in the front of the cornea.

Biology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions