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Biology Key Words Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

biology

A

the study of living things

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2
Q

observation

A

something that you notice

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3
Q

hypothesis

A

an educated guess based on observation

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4
Q

experiment

A

a test for the hypothesis

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5
Q

data

A

information gathered from experiment

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6
Q

conclusion

A

summary of the results of an experiment

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7
Q

theory

A

a hypothesis that has been supported by many experiments

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8
Q

principle

A

a theory that has been proven correct by many experiments over a long period of time

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9
Q

variable

A

a factor that can change during an experiment

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10
Q

control

A

a comparison

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11
Q

replicate

A

repeat of the experiment

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12
Q

double blind testing

A

both the doctor and the patient are unaware of the treatment that the patient is receiving

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13
Q

ethics

A

whether if something is right or wrong

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14
Q

organism

A

a living thing

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15
Q

metabolism

A

the sum of all the chemical reactions that takes place in an organism

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16
Q

continuity of life

A

the ability of an organism to exist from generation to the next

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17
Q

life

A

defined if the characteristics of life are present: nutrition excretion reproduction responding

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18
Q

organization

A

living things are composed of cells tissues organs organ systems

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19
Q

nutrition

A

the way an organism gets its food

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20
Q

excretion

A

the removal of waste from the body

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21
Q

response

A

the way a living things responds to changes in their environment

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22
Q

reproduction

A

the ability to make new individuals

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23
Q

sexual reproduction

A

involves the union of 2 sex cells (2 parents)

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24
Q

asexual reproduction

A

does not involve the union of 2 sex cells ( 1 parent )

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25
Q

anabolic reaction

A

photosynthesis
uses energy to join small molecules together to form larger molecules

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26
Q

catabolic reaction

A

respiration
releases energy to break down larger molecules into smaller molecules

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27
Q

bio molecules

A

chemicals that are made inside the living thing

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28
Q

monosaccharides

A

one sugar unit

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29
Q

disaccharides

A

2 sugar units

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30
Q

polysaccharides

A

multiple sugar units

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31
Q

triglyceride

A

smallest lipid
1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids

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32
Q

phospholipid

A

one fatty acid is replaced by a phosphate group
1 glycerol + 2 fatty acids + 1 phosphate group

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33
Q

protoplasm

A

all cell contents

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34
Q

cytoplasm

A

all cell contents except the nucleus

35
Q

ultrastructure

A

the detail of a structure seen using an election microscope

36
Q

nucleus

A

the control centre of the cell and contains the cells dna

37
Q

chromatin

A

elongated chromosomes when they are not dividing

38
Q

nucleolus

A

makes ribosomes

39
Q

mitochondria

A

the power house of the cell- supplies the cell with energy

40
Q

chloroplast

A

the green structures in plants which allows them to photosynthesis (chlorophyll)

41
Q

ribosomes

A

makes proteins

42
Q

cell wall

A

support and strength the cell

43
Q

tissue

A

a group of similar cells that are adapted to carry out the same function

44
Q

tissue culture

A

the growth of cells in or on an artificial medium outside an organism (in vitro)

45
Q

organ

A

a group of tissues that work together to carry out one or more functions

46
Q

organ system

A

a group of organs that work together to carry out one or more functions

47
Q

biological organizations

A

cells - tissues - organs - organ systems - organism

48
Q

selective permeability

A

allow some substances in and out

49
Q

diffusion

A

the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without energy

50
Q

osmosis

A

the movement of water from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration across a semi permeable membrane

51
Q

turgor / turgidity / turgor pressure

A

the force or pressure of the cell contents against the cell wall

52
Q

cell continuity

A

all cells develop from pre existing cells

53
Q

chromosomes

A

threads made of dna and protein which turn from chromatin to chromosomes during cell division

54
Q

gene

A

a section of dna on the chromosome that contains the instructions for the functions of a protein

55
Q

haploid cell

A

(n) has one set of chromosomes- it has only one type of chromosome in the nucleus

56
Q

diploid cell

A

(2n) has two sets of chromosomes- it has two of each type of chromosomes in the nucleus

57
Q

homologous pair

A

two chromosomes of similar size with the same sequence of genes

58
Q

cell cycle

A

the changes that take place in a cell when a cell is not dividing (interphase) and during cell division (mitosis)

59
Q

interphase

A

the phase in the cell cycle when the cell does not divide

60
Q

mitosis

A

a form of nuclear division in which one nucleus splits to form 2 nuclei each containing identical sets of chromosomes
two new cells called daughter cells are formed and are identical to each other

61
Q

centromere

A

the point at which the chromosomes are attached in a double stranded chromosome

62
Q

cancer

A

a group of disorders in which certain cells lose their ability to control the rate of cell division

63
Q

meiosis

A

the division of the cell to produce 4 daughter cells which contain half the number of chromosomes than the parent cell

64
Q

micro organisms

A

small living things

65
Q

autotrophic

A

an organism can make its own food

66
Q

photosynthesis

A

using energy from sunlight to make food
purple sulfur bacteria

67
Q

chemosynthesis

A

use energy from chemicals to make food
nitrifying bacteria

68
Q

heterotrophic

A

an organism takes food in made by another organism

69
Q

saprophytes

A

feed on the dead
pseudomonas

70
Q

parasites

A

feed on a live host
salmonella

71
Q

pathogenic bacteria

A

harmful disease causing bacteria

72
Q

antibiotics

A

substances produced by micro organisms to kill or stop the growth of other micro organisms without damaging human tissue

73
Q

batch culture

A

when a fixed amount of nutrients is added to and removed from a closed bio reactor over a short period of time under ideal conditions and bacteria go to stationary phase

74
Q

continuous flow

A

nutrients are continually added and removed from an open bioreactor and bacteria are maintained at the log phase

75
Q

bio reactor

A

a vessel in which bio processing takes place

76
Q

hypha

A

a tube / filament in a fungus

77
Q

mycelium

A

a visible mass of hyphae

78
Q

obligate parasite (fungi)

A

takes food from a live host but does not usually kill the host

79
Q

facultative parasite (fungi)

A

kills the host and feeds on the dead remains

80
Q

sporulation

A

process of making spores

81
Q

aseptic / asepsis

A

the steps taken to make sure that all microorganisms are destroyed

82
Q

sterile

A

free from all micro organisms

83
Q

cell

A

the smallest unit of matter that can carry on all the processes of life

84
Q

organelle

A

a component in a cell that is designed to carry out a specific function for the cell

biology (1 decks)

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