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Biology Key Words Flashcards

1
Q

biology

A

the study of living things

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2
Q

observation

A

something that you notice

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3
Q

hypothesis

A

an educated guess based on observation

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4
Q

experiment

A

a test for the hypothesis

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5
Q

data

A

information gathered from experiment

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6
Q

conclusion

A

summary of the results of an experiment

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7
Q

theory

A

a hypothesis that has been supported by many experiments

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8
Q

principle

A

a theory that has been proven correct by many experiments over a long period of time

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9
Q

variable

A

a factor that can change during an experiment

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10
Q

control

A

a comparison

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11
Q

replicate

A

repeat of the experiment

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12
Q

double blind testing

A

both the doctor and the patient are unaware of the treatment that the patient is receiving

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13
Q

ethics

A

whether if something is right or wrong

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14
Q

organism

A

a living thing

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15
Q

metabolism

A

the sum of all the chemical reactions that takes place in an organism

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16
Q

continuity of life

A

the ability of an organism to exist from generation to the next

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17
Q

life

A

defined if the characteristics of life are present: nutrition excretion reproduction responding

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18
Q

organization

A

living things are composed of cells tissues organs organ systems

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19
Q

nutrition

A

the way an organism gets its food

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20
Q

excretion

A

the removal of waste from the body

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21
Q

response

A

the way a living things responds to changes in their environment

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22
Q

reproduction

A

the ability to make new individuals

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23
Q

sexual reproduction

A

involves the union of 2 sex cells (2 parents)

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24
Q

asexual reproduction

A

does not involve the union of 2 sex cells ( 1 parent )

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25
anabolic reaction
photosynthesis uses energy to join small molecules together to form larger molecules
26
catabolic reaction
respiration releases energy to break down larger molecules into smaller molecules
27
bio molecules
chemicals that are made inside the living thing
28
monosaccharides
one sugar unit
29
disaccharides
2 sugar units
30
polysaccharides
multiple sugar units
31
triglyceride
smallest lipid 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids
32
phospholipid
one fatty acid is replaced by a phosphate group 1 glycerol + 2 fatty acids + 1 phosphate group
33
protoplasm
all cell contents
34
cytoplasm
all cell contents except the nucleus
35
ultrastructure
the detail of a structure seen using an election microscope
36
nucleus
the control centre of the cell and contains the cells dna
37
chromatin
elongated chromosomes when they are not dividing
38
nucleolus
makes ribosomes
39
mitochondria
the power house of the cell- supplies the cell with energy
40
chloroplast
the green structures in plants which allows them to photosynthesis (chlorophyll)
41
ribosomes
makes proteins
42
cell wall
support and strength the cell
43
tissue
a group of similar cells that are adapted to carry out the same function
44
tissue culture
the growth of cells in or on an artificial medium outside an organism (in vitro)
45
organ
a group of tissues that work together to carry out one or more functions
46
organ system
a group of organs that work together to carry out one or more functions
47
biological organizations
cells - tissues - organs - organ systems - organism
48
selective permeability
allow some substances in and out
49
diffusion
the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without energy
50
osmosis
the movement of water from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration across a semi permeable membrane
51
turgor / turgidity / turgor pressure
the force or pressure of the cell contents against the cell wall
52
cell continuity
all cells develop from pre existing cells
53
chromosomes
threads made of dna and protein which turn from chromatin to chromosomes during cell division
54
gene
a section of dna on the chromosome that contains the instructions for the functions of a protein
55
haploid cell
(n) has one set of chromosomes- it has only one type of chromosome in the nucleus
56
diploid cell
(2n) has two sets of chromosomes- it has two of each type of chromosomes in the nucleus
57
homologous pair
two chromosomes of similar size with the same sequence of genes
58
cell cycle
the changes that take place in a cell when a cell is not dividing (interphase) and during cell division (mitosis)
59
interphase
the phase in the cell cycle when the cell does not divide
60
mitosis
a form of nuclear division in which one nucleus splits to form 2 nuclei each containing identical sets of chromosomes two new cells called daughter cells are formed and are identical to each other
61
centromere
the point at which the chromosomes are attached in a double stranded chromosome
62
cancer
a group of disorders in which certain cells lose their ability to control the rate of cell division
63
meiosis
the division of the cell to produce 4 daughter cells which contain half the number of chromosomes than the parent cell
64
micro organisms
small living things
65
autotrophic
an organism can make its own food
66
photosynthesis
using energy from sunlight to make food purple sulfur bacteria
67
chemosynthesis
use energy from chemicals to make food nitrifying bacteria
68
heterotrophic
an organism takes food in made by another organism
69
saprophytes
feed on the dead pseudomonas
70
parasites
feed on a live host salmonella
71
pathogenic bacteria
harmful disease causing bacteria
72
antibiotics
substances produced by micro organisms to kill or stop the growth of other micro organisms without damaging human tissue
73
batch culture
when a fixed amount of nutrients is added to and removed from a closed bio reactor over a short period of time under ideal conditions and bacteria go to stationary phase
74
continuous flow
nutrients are continually added and removed from an open bioreactor and bacteria are maintained at the log phase
75
bio reactor
a vessel in which bio processing takes place
76
hypha
a tube / filament in a fungus
77
mycelium
a visible mass of hyphae
78
obligate parasite (fungi)
takes food from a live host but does not usually kill the host
79
facultative parasite (fungi)
kills the host and feeds on the dead remains
80
sporulation
process of making spores
81
aseptic / asepsis
the steps taken to make sure that all microorganisms are destroyed
82
sterile
free from all micro organisms
83
cell
the smallest unit of matter that can carry on all the processes of life
84
organelle
a component in a cell that is designed to carry out a specific function for the cell

biology (1 decks)

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