Biology: key concepts Flashcards
What are all living things made of?
Cells
What two types can cells be?
Eukaryotic or prokaryotic
How can you tell if a cell is eukaryotic?
Has a nucleus
How can you tell if a cell is prokaryotic?
Has no nucleus
What are eukaryotes?
Organisms made up of eukaryotic cells
What is a prokaryote?
A prokaryotic cell (single-called organism)
What are the insides of a cell called?
Sub cellular structures
What is the function of a nucleus?
Contains genetic material arranged in chromosomes that controls activities of the cell
What is the function of a cytoplasm?
Gel-like substance where most chemical reactions happen. Contains enzymes which control chemical reactions.
What is the function of a cell membrane?
Holds cell together, controls what goes in and out
What is the function of a mitochondria?
Where most of the reactions for respiration take place, respiration transfers energy
What is the function of a ribosomes?
Involve in the translation of genetic material in the synthesis of proteins
Name the 5 parts of an animal cell
Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes
What is the function of a rigid cell wall?
Made of cellulose, supports and strengthens cell
What is the function of a large vacuole?
Contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts. Maintains the internal pressure to support the cell
What is the function of a chloroplast?
Contains chlorophyll. Where photosynthesis occurs, makes food for he plant.
What are the 8 parts of a plant cell?
Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes, cell wall, large vacuole, chloroplasts
What are the five sub cellular structures of a bacteria cell?
Ribosomes, cell membrane, plasmid DNA, chromosomal DNA, flagellum
What is the function of a chromosomal DNA?
One long circular chromosome, controls cells activities and replication, floats free in the cytoplasm
What is the function of a plasmid DNA?
Small loops of extra DNA, contains genes for things like drug resistance, can be passed between bacteria
What is the function of a flagellum?
Rotate to make bacteria move, away from harmful things, towards useful things
What does it mean if a cell is specialised?
It has adapted to a specific function
What are egg and sperm cells specialised for?
Reproduction
What type of nucleus do egg and sperm cells have?
Haploid (half the number of chromosomes in a normal body cell)