biology grade 10: sem 1st

Question 1

What is the first step of the scientific method?

Answer 1

The first step is to make an observation or ask a question.

Question 2

What is a hypothesis in the scientific method?

Answer 2

A hypothesis is a testable prediction based on prior knowledge or observations.

Question 3

How do you test a hypothesis?

Answer 3

You test a hypothesis by conducting an experiment or gathering data to support or refute it.

Question 4

What is a control group in an experiment?

Answer 4

A control group is a group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment or variable being tested, used for comparison.

Question 5

What is the difference between a theory and a hypothesis?

Answer 5

A theory is a well-substantiated explanation of an aspect of the natural world, while a hypothesis is a testable prediction.

Question 6

What is binomial nomenclature?

Answer 6

Binomial nomenclature is the system of naming species using two parts: the genus name and the species name (e.g., Homo sapiens).

Question 7

What does the genus name in binomial nomenclature represent?

Answer 7

The genus name represents a group of closely related species.

Question 8

How are species names written in scientific notation?

Answer 8

The genus name is capitalized, the species name is lowercase, and both are italicized or underlined.

Question 9

What is a producer in an ecosystem?

Answer 9

A producer is an organism that makes its own food, typically through photosynthesis (e.g., plants).

Question 10

A producer is an organism that makes its own food, typically through photosynthesis (e.g., plants).

Answer 10

A consumer is an organism that obtains energy by eating other organisms (e.g., herbivores, carnivores, omnivores).

Question 11

What is a decomposer?

Answer 11

A decomposer breaks down dead organic material and recycles nutrients into the ecosystem (e.g., fungi, bacteria).

Question 12

What are the main trophic levels in an ecosystem?

Answer 12

The main trophic levels are producers (plants), primary consumers (herbivores), secondary consumers (carnivores), and tertiary consumers (top predators).

Question 13

What is the role of decomposers in the food chain?

Answer 13

Decomposers break down dead organisms and return nutrients to the soil, completing the cycle.

Question 14

What is a food chain?

Answer 14

A food chain is a linear sequence showing how energy and nutrients flow from one organism to another in an ecosystem.

Question 15

What does each step in a food chain represent?

Answer 15

Each step represents a trophic level, where energy is transferred from one organism to another.

Question 16

What are the main stages of the water cycle?

Answer 16

The main stages are evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff.

Question 17

How does evaporation occur in the water cycle?

Answer 17

Evaporation occurs when water is heated by the sun and changes from liquid to gas.

Question 18

What is the carbon cycle?

Answer 18

The carbon cycle is the process through which carbon atoms are cycled between the atmosphere, land, plants, animals, and ocean.

Question 19

How do plants contribute to the carbon cycle?

Answer 19

Plants absorb carbon dioxide during photosynthesis and convert it into glucose.

Question 20

What is nitrogen fixation?

Answer 20

Nitrogen fixation is the process where certain bacteria convert nitrogen gas from the atmosphere into ammonia, which plants can use.

Question 21

What role do nitrifying bacteria play in the nitrogen cycle?

Answer 21

Nitrifying bacteria convert ammonia into nitrites and then into nitrates, which plants can absorb.

Question 22

What is the phosphorus cycle?

Answer 22

The phosphorus cycle involves the movement of phosphorus through the soil, water, and living organisms, without a gaseous phase.

Question 23

How do plants acquire phosphorus?

Answer 23

Plants absorb phosphate ions from the soil, which are essential for growth.

Question 24

What is the sulfur cycle?

Answer 24

The sulfur cycle is the movement of sulfur through the atmosphere, soil, and organisms, often through processes like volcanic activity and decomposition.

Question 25

How do humans impact the sulfur cycle?

Answer 25

Human activities like burning fossil fuels release sulfur dioxide, contributing to acid rain.

Question 26

What is eutrophication?

Answer 26

Eutrophication is the process where excess nutrients (usually nitrogen and phosphorus) lead to overgrowth of algae, depleting oxygen in water and harming aquatic life.

Question 27

How does eutrophication affect aquatic ecosystems?

Answer 27

Eutrophication can lead to oxygen depletion, fish kills, and loss of biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems.

Question 28

What are common water quality parameters?

Answer 28

Common water parameters include pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and nutrient levels (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus).

Question 29

Why is pH important in aquatic ecosystems?

Answer 29

pH affects the solubility of nutrients and the health of aquatic organisms, as most species thrive within a specific pH range.

Question 30

How do human activities affect ecosystems?

Answer 30

Human activities such as pollution, deforestation, climate change, and habitat destruction can disrupt ecosystems and biodiversity.

Question 31

What is the impact of deforestation on the environment?

Answer 31

Deforestation leads to loss of biodiversity, increased carbon dioxide levels, and disruption of local and global climate patterns.

Question 32

What is biodiversity sampling?

Answer 32

Biodiversity sampling involves collecting data on the variety of species in an area, using methods like quadrats, transects, or capture-recapture.

Question 33

What is a quadrat used for in biodiversity studies?

Answer 33

A quadrat is a square frame used to define a sampling area for estimating species abundance and diversity.

Question 34

What is biological classification?

Answer 34

Biological classification is the system of grouping organisms based on shared characteristics, using a hierarchical structure from kingdom down to species.

Question 35

What are the levels of biological classification from broadest to most specific?

Answer 35

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.
The Three Domains.

Question 36

What are the three domains of life?

Answer 36

The three domains are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.

Question 37

What distinguishes Archaea from Bacteria?

Answer 37

Archaea and Bacteria are both prokaryotic, but Archaea have different cell membrane structures and are often found in extreme environments.

Question 38

How many kingdoms are there in the Eukarya domain?

Answer 38

There are four kingdoms in the Eukarya domain: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

Question 39

Which kingdom contains organisms that are unicellular and can perform photosynthesis?

Answer 39

The kingdom Protista contains unicellular organisms that can perform photosynthesis, such as algae.

Question 40

What is the structure of the cell wall in Bacteria?

Answer 40

Bacteria have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan.

Question 41

What is the cell wall composition in plants?

Answer 41

The cell wall in plants is made of cellulose.

Question 42

What is a dendrogram?

Answer 42

A dendrogram is a tree-like diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships between species based on genetic or morphological characteristics.

Question 43

How is a dendrogram used in classification?

Answer 43

A dendrogram helps visualize the phylogenetic relationships between organisms and illustrates how closely related they are.