Biology (Genetics) Test Questions Flashcards
Draw the three main components of a nucleotide
Penrose sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base
Choose the correct statement
Answer is d
What is the role of DNA
Answer is c
State the 4 steps of DNA Replication
- DNA unwinds itself
- This exposes the bases on the dna strands
- New nucleotides attach to the bases by complementary base pairing
- This creates two new identical dna molecules for each all
What is mitosis used in the body for?
Growth and repair of damaged tissues
Draw a simplified, labelled diagram of the process of Mitosis
Look at book for answer
Explain how Meiosis occurs genetic variation in a population. In your answer you must include: Simple and labelled steps of Meiosis, what the outcome of meiosis is (what does it produce?) and the crucial step that is responsible for genetic variation.
Through crossing over and independent assortment, leading to new combinations of alleles and chromosomes in gametes, which then contribute to diverse offspring through fertilization.
What is the definition of a gene
A short section of dna that codes for a trait
What is the definition of a chromosome
A very long coiled up piece of dna containing many genes
Definition of an allele
An alternative form of a gene
Definition of genotype
It’s all the alleles in an organism, Aa, BB, Dd etc
Definition of phenotype
The observable characteristics of an organism
If one parent is homozygous recessive (bb) and the other parent is homozygous dominant (BB). Complete the punnet square and write the phenotype ratio and genotype ratio of their offspring
Genotyped ratio: All Bb / Phenotypic ratio: All Brown
There are 6 sisters, 3 have blue eyes - recessive (bb) and 3 have brown eyes
- dominant (BB or Bb). Explain what their parents genotype would be (genetic makeup) and why there is multiple possibilities?
One of the parents genotype would have to be bb and the other parent would have to be Bb. Because both of the parents would have to at least have a little b to make a recessive baby and if both the parents had a Bb then only 25% of the babies would be bb but if one had Bb and one had bb then 50% would have bb and that’s what it is
There is yellow pea pods (dominant) and green pea pods (recessive). Explain a way you can determine wether a yellow pod is heterozygous (Yy) or homozygous dominant (YY).
By drawing a punnet grid with both versions and observing the results.
(You fill in a pedigree chart and it asked you what the gene top the would be, no explanation, pretty straight forward)
See on test
It’s something about a mutation called lactose persistence (the ability to digest dairy food/drinks). You have to write what a mutation is, how it can be passed on, and why individuals with the mutation lactose persistent in a population keep increasing.
A permanent, inheritable change in the DNA sequence of an organism, virus, etc often resulting from errors during DNA replication or damage to DNA
