Biology - Genetic Inheritance and Technology Flashcards
gene
a section of DNA that carries the genetic code for a particular characteristics
allele
different forms of the same gene
genotype
genetic information carried by an individual
phenotype
observable characteristics of the individual; the way the genotype is expressed
homozygous
having two identical alleles
pure-breeding
where all individuals have the same genetics information for a characteristic generation after generation
heterozygous
having two different alleles
chromosomes
thread-like structures in the nucleus. Composed of DNA and proteins,; contains the genetic informationin the form of genes
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
a nucleic acid with deoxyribose sugar and phosphate as the backbone; the molecule that determines the genetic characteristics of most living things
Deoxyribose sugar
one of the parts that make up a nucleotide
Nitrogen-rich base
part of a nucleotide; the four types are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C) and thymine (T).
Nucelotides
the building blocks of DNA
Phosphate group
one of the parts that make up a nucleotide
Autosome
all the chromosomes in a ell other than the sex chromosomes
Centromere
the point on a chromosomes where the two chromatic are joined together
Chromatid
one of the strands of a chromosome following replication
Diploid number
the number of chromosomes in body cells; two sets of 2N
Haploid number
the number of chromosomes in gametes; one set or N
Homologous chromosomes
chromosomes with genes for particular characteristics at the same location
Meiosis
the type of cell division that produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell
Mitosis
the type of cell division that produces two daughter cells identical to part cell
Replication
the process of making copies of DNA
Sex chromosomes
the chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual; in humans they are the X and Y chromosomes
Dominant
the characteristic that is expressed in the homozygous condition
