Biology - Genetic Inheritance and Technology

Question 1

gene

Answer 1

a section of DNA that carries the genetic code for a particular characteristics

Question 2

allele

Answer 2

different forms of the same gene

Question 3

genotype

Answer 3

genetic information carried by an individual

Question 4

phenotype

Answer 4

observable characteristics of the individual; the way the genotype is expressed

Question 5

homozygous

Answer 5

having two identical alleles

Question 6

pure-breeding

Answer 6

where all individuals have the same genetics information for a characteristic generation after generation

Question 7

heterozygous

Answer 7

having two different alleles

Question 8

chromosomes

Answer 8

thread-like structures in the nucleus. Composed of DNA and proteins,; contains the genetic informationin the form of genes

Question 9

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Answer 9

a nucleic acid with deoxyribose sugar and phosphate as the backbone; the molecule that determines the genetic characteristics of most living things

Question 10

Deoxyribose sugar

Answer 10

one of the parts that make up a nucleotide

Question 11

Nitrogen-rich base

Answer 11

part of a nucleotide; the four types are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C) and thymine (T).

Question 12

Nucelotides

Answer 12

the building blocks of DNA

Question 13

Phosphate group

Answer 13

one of the parts that make up a nucleotide

Question 14

Autosome

Answer 14

all the chromosomes in a ell other than the sex chromosomes

Question 15

Centromere

Answer 15

the point on a chromosomes where the two chromatic are joined together

Question 16

Chromatid

Answer 16

one of the strands of a chromosome following replication

Question 17

Diploid number

Answer 17

the number of chromosomes in body cells; two sets of 2N

Question 18

Haploid number

Answer 18

the number of chromosomes in gametes; one set or N

Question 19

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 19

chromosomes with genes for particular characteristics at the same location

Question 20

Meiosis

Answer 20

the type of cell division that produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell

Question 21

Mitosis

Answer 21

the type of cell division that produces two daughter cells identical to part cell

Question 22

Replication

Answer 22

the process of making copies of DNA

Question 23

Sex chromosomes

Answer 23

the chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual; in humans they are the X and Y chromosomes

Question 24

Dominant

Answer 24

the characteristic that is expressed in the homozygous condition

Question 25

Recessive

Answer 25

the characteristic that remains hidden in the homozygous condition

Question 26

Sex-linked genes

Answer 26

genes present on the sex chromosomes

Question 27

Differentiate

Answer 27

become different from others

Question 28

Genetically modified

Answer 28

having the genes changed

Question 29

Genome

Answer 29

the genetic information carried by a haploid set of chromosomes