BIOLOGY: GENE EXPRESSION

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

RNA

Answer 2

Ribonucleic acid

Question 3

Nucleotide

Answer 3

The building blocks of DNA that consists of a nitrogenous base, a phosphate and a 5 carbon sugar (either Deoxyribose in DNA or Ribose in RNA)

Question 4

Hydrogen bond

Answer 4

the type of bond that holds complementary base pairs together in
DNA

Question 5

Peptide bond

Answer 5

the bonds that hold amino acids together in a polypeptide chain

Question 5

Polypeptide chain

Answer 5

a long string of amino acids joined together, coded for by one gene

Question 6

Template strand of DNA

Answer 6

the DNA strand that is used to construct a mRNA strand against (by base pairing complementary nucleotides against)

Question 7

Coding strand of DNA

Answer 7

The DNA strand that is not used as a template to construct a mRNA strand against (has the same code as the mRNA strand)

Question 8

Transcription

Answer 8

the process by which a mRNA strand is made from a DNA strand

Question 9

Translation

Answer 9

the process by which mRNA is read to produce a polypeptide chain on a ribosome.

Question 9

Codon

Answer 9

three nucleotides on a mRNA strand that code for an amino acid

Question 10

Triplet

Answer 10

three nucleotides on a DNA strand that code for an amino acid

Question 10

Intron

Answer 10

the non-coding region of DNA

Question 11

Anti-codon

Answer 11

three nucleotides on a tRNA strand that base pair with a codon on a mRNA strand

Question 12

Exon

Answer 12

The coding regions of the DNA (ie genes)

Question 13

UAA, UAG, UGA

Answer 13

the stop codons

Question 14

AUG

Answer 14

the start codon

Question 15

Gene

Answer 15

a section of DNA that codes for a polypeptide chain

Question 15

Degeneracy (redundancy) of the code

Answer 15

the coding of amino acid by more than one triplet on the DNA

Question 16

Mutation

Answer 16

a permanent change in the DNA

Question 17

Mutagenic agent (mutagen)

Answer 17

something that causes a mutation

Question 18

Gene (point) mutation

Answer 18

A change in the base sequence of a gene

Question 19

Gene inversion mutation

Answer 19

when the positions of two nucleotides within a gene are inverted

Question 20

Gene insertion mutation

Answer 20

one base is added to the DNA sequence of a gene

Question 20

Gene deletion mutation

Answer 20

one base is removed from the DNA sequence of a gene

Question 21

Gene substitution mutation

Answer 21

one base is exchanged for another within a gene

Question 22

Metabolic pathway

Answer 22

28. a linked series of enzyme controlled chemical reactions within a cell, where the products of one step become the reactants of the next step