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Study Cue Cards > BIOLOGY: GENE EXPRESSION > Flashcards

BIOLOGY: GENE EXPRESSION Flashcards

1
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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2
Q

RNA

A

Ribonucleic acid

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3
Q

Nucleotide

A

The building blocks of DNA that consists of a nitrogenous base, a phosphate and a 5 carbon sugar (either Deoxyribose in DNA or Ribose in RNA)

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4
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

the type of bond that holds complementary base pairs together in
DNA

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5
Q

Peptide bond

A

the bonds that hold amino acids together in a polypeptide chain

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5
Q

Polypeptide chain

A

a long string of amino acids joined together, coded for by one gene

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6
Q

Template strand of DNA

A

the DNA strand that is used to construct a mRNA strand against (by base pairing complementary nucleotides against)

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7
Q

Coding strand of DNA

A

The DNA strand that is not used as a template to construct a mRNA strand against (has the same code as the mRNA strand)

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8
Q

Transcription

A

the process by which a mRNA strand is made from a DNA strand

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9
Q

Translation

A

the process by which mRNA is read to produce a polypeptide chain on a ribosome.

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9
Q

Codon

A

three nucleotides on a mRNA strand that code for an amino acid

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10
Q

Triplet

A

three nucleotides on a DNA strand that code for an amino acid

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10
Q

Intron

A

the non-coding region of DNA

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11
Q

Anti-codon

A

three nucleotides on a tRNA strand that base pair with a codon on a mRNA strand

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12
Q

Exon

A

The coding regions of the DNA (ie genes)

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13
Q

UAA, UAG, UGA

A

the stop codons

14
Q

AUG

A

the start codon

15
Q

Gene

A

a section of DNA that codes for a polypeptide chain

15
Q

Degeneracy (redundancy) of the code

A

the coding of amino acid by more than one triplet on the DNA

16
Q

Mutation

A

a permanent change in the DNA

17
Q

Mutagenic agent (mutagen)

A

something that causes a mutation

18
Q

Gene (point) mutation

A

A change in the base sequence of a gene

19
Q

Gene inversion mutation

A

when the positions of two nucleotides within a gene are inverted

20
Q

Gene insertion mutation

A

one base is added to the DNA sequence of a gene

20
Q

Gene deletion mutation

A

one base is removed from the DNA sequence of a gene

21
Q

Gene substitution mutation

A

one base is exchanged for another within a gene

22
Q

Metabolic pathway

A
  1. a linked series of enzyme controlled chemical reactions within a cell, where the products of one step become the reactants of the next step

Study Cue Cards (3 decks)

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