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Science > Biology: Genes and Cells > Flashcards

Biology: Genes and Cells Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Allele

A

A version of a gene.

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2
Q

Amino Acid

A

A monomer (single unit) of proteins.

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3
Q

Base

A

The variable part of a nucleotide.

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4
Q

Carrier

A

An individual that possesses an allele for a disorder in their genotype, but then disorder is not present in their phenotype.

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5
Q

Chromosome

A

A section of DNA that contains many genes.

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6
Q

Clone

A

An identical copy of an organism.

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7
Q

Cytokinesis

A

The division of the cell membrane to form two new daughter cells.

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8
Q

Daughter cells

A

New cells that are produced during cell division.

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9
Q

DNA

A

A chemical substance which carries genetic information.

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10
Q

Dominant

A

An allele which always shows its associated phenotype.

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11
Q

Duplicate

A

To make an identical copy.

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12
Q

Gamete

A

A sex cell.

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13
Q

Gene

A

A section of a chromosome that codes for a particular protein.

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14
Q

Genotype

A

The combination of alleles possessed for the same gene.

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15
Q

Heterozygous

A

Possessing two different alleles for the same gene.

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16
Q

Homozygous

A

Possessing two identical alleles for the same gene.

17
Q

Inherited

A

A feature passes on from parents to offspring.

18
Q

Interphase

A

The stage of the cell cycle during which DNA is duplicated.

19
Q

Karyotype

A

A visual profile of an organism’s chromosomes.

20
Q

Maternal

A

Something inherited from the mother.

21
Q

Meiosis

A

The type of cell division by which gametes are produced.

22
Q

Mitosis

A

The type of cell division which results in two genetically identical daughter cells.

23
Q

Mutation

A

A change in the genetic material of an organism.

23
Q

Nucleotide

A

The monomer (single unit) of DNA.

24
Q

Paternal

A

Something inherited from the father.

25
Q

Phenotype

A

The expressed characteristic determined by the organism’s genotype an its interaction with the environment.

26
Q

Phosphate

A

A functional group containing phosphorus and oxygen.

27
Q

Protein

A

A sequence of amino acids folded into a specific structure.

28
Q

Recessive

A

An allele which only shows its associated phenotype when homozygous.

29
Q

Ribosome

A

The site of protein synthesis.

30
Q

Sufferer

A

An individual that possesses at least one allele for a disorder and has the disorder present in their phenotype.

31
Q

Sugar

A

A substance made from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

32
Q

Template strand

A

The sequence of DNA that is copied to form a single-stranded copy of DNA.

33
Q

Variation

A

Differences between individuals of the same species.

34
Q

Zygote

A

A fertilised egg cell.

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