Biology: Genes and Cells Flashcards
Allele
A version of a gene.
Amino Acid
A monomer (single unit) of proteins.
Base
The variable part of a nucleotide.
Carrier
An individual that possesses an allele for a disorder in their genotype, but then disorder is not present in their phenotype.
Chromosome
A section of DNA that contains many genes.
Clone
An identical copy of an organism.
Cytokinesis
The division of the cell membrane to form two new daughter cells.
Daughter cells
New cells that are produced during cell division.
DNA
A chemical substance which carries genetic information.
Dominant
An allele which always shows its associated phenotype.
Duplicate
To make an identical copy.
Gamete
A sex cell.
Gene
A section of a chromosome that codes for a particular protein.
Genotype
The combination of alleles possessed for the same gene.
Heterozygous
Possessing two different alleles for the same gene.
Homozygous
Possessing two identical alleles for the same gene.
Inherited
A feature passes on from parents to offspring.
Interphase
The stage of the cell cycle during which DNA is duplicated.
Karyotype
A visual profile of an organism’s chromosomes.
Maternal
Something inherited from the mother.
Meiosis
The type of cell division by which gametes are produced.
Mitosis
The type of cell division which results in two genetically identical daughter cells.
Mutation
A change in the genetic material of an organism.
Nucleotide
The monomer (single unit) of DNA.
