Biology - Gene Expression (4)

Question 1

What is rRNA?

Answer 1

The ribosome is made up of rRNA and protein. stands for ribosomal RNA.

Question 2

Redundancy of genetic code

Answer 2

There are 64 possible codons, but only 20 amino acids that code for it. There are more amino acids that code for a codon, so the codons don’t exactly matter. USE EXAMPLE

Question 3

What is a metabolic pathway?

Answer 3

A metabolic pathway is a series of enzyme-controlled, chemical
reactions where the product of one reaction is the substrate for the next.

Question 4

Where does transcription occur?

Answer 4

The nucleus of the cell. It then leaves through the nuclear pore

Question 5

Where does translation occur?

Answer 5

The cytoplasm of the cell. It connected to a ribosome.

Question 6

When drawing DNA, etc.

Answer 6

Left is 5’ - 3’ and right is opposite and upside down.

Question 7

Coding/template strand

Answer 7

Coding - identical to mRNA
Template - is used to code for mRNA

Question 8

Why can’t DNA be converted to polypeptide chains?

Answer 8

1. It’s too long. It can’t leave the nuclear pore and it takes a long time as only 1 protein can be made at a time.
2. Risks of damage. It might get destroyed by enzymes

Question 9

Secondary structure protein folding

Answer 9

Alpha-helix and beta-pleated sheets. Joined by hydrogen bonding

Question 10

Primary structure protein folding

Answer 10

Polypeptide chain. Is the resultant of translation

Question 11

Tertiary structure protein folding

Answer 11

Alpha-helix and beta-pleated sheets. Joined together by disulphide bonds

Question 12

Quarternary structure

Answer 12

Multiple polypeptide chains. Non-covalent bonds. Complex protein

Question 13

Environmental factor/mutagen

Answer 13

EV: Factor that doesn’t change the genotype, but affects the expression of the phenotype
Mutagen: Causes a mutation

Question 14

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 14

AT - 2
CG - 3

Question 15

Amino acid

Answer 15

Building blocks of proteins