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Biology Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 6 characteristics of life?

A

Cells, Energy, Response to stimulation, Growth, Reproduction, Homeostasis

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2
Q

What is the smallest unit of life?

A

Cells

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3
Q

What is the correct order of organization?

A

Cells - Tissue - Organ - Organ System - Organism

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4
Q

What are the 3 domains of life?

A

Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukaryotes

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5
Q

Main Types of subatomic particles

A

Protons (positive charge) , Electrons (negative charge), Neutrons (no charge)

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6
Q

Protons are equal to …

A

Electrons

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7
Q

Protons + Electrons = …

A

Atomic Mass

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8
Q

What are Isotopes?

A

Atoms of elements that have different numbers of neutrons

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9
Q

True or False - Atoms of the same element can have different atomic NUMBERS.

A

False

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10
Q

True or False - Atoms of the same element can have different atomic MASSES.

A

True

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11
Q

What is half-life?

A

The time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms to decay

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12
Q

What are Isotopes used in?

A

Medicine, Carbon - Dating, and Tagging Molecules

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13
Q

Molecules that form when two or more atoms join

A

Diatomic Molecules

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14
Q

Consist of two or more different elements with exact proportions

A

Compounds

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15
Q

What are the 6 most important elements found in living organisms?

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus
Sulfur

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16
Q

_ has the greatest percentage of MASS in the body

A

Oxygen

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17
Q

_ has the greatest percentage of ATOMS in the body

A

Hydrogen

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18
Q

Atoms try to fill the outer valence shells with _ electrons

A

8

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19
Q

4 main types of bonds that hold molecules together

A

Ionic Bonds
Covalent Bonds
Hydrogen Bonds
Van Der Waals Interactions

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20
Q

Atoms or molecules that have gained or lost electrons are known as _

A

Ions

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21
Q

_ contain a positive charge and lose electrons

A

Cation

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22
Q

_ contain a negative charge and gain electrons

A

Anion

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23
Q

When cations and anions interact

A

Ionic bond

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24
Q

Bonds that form when two or more atoms share electrons

A

Covalent Bonds

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25
Q

_ are the strongest chemical bond.

A

Covalent Bonds

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26
Q

Two main types of covalent bonds:

A

Non-polar Covalent
Polar Covalent

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27
Q

Electronegativity is …

A

the pulling of an electron by one atom over

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28
Q

Molecules with an unequal distribution of electrical charge

A

Polar molecules

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29
Q

An attraction between polar molecules

A

Hydrogen Bond

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30
Q

True or False - Hydrogen is a weak bond.

A

True

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31
Q

An accumulation of e- in one location; allow geckos to climb vertically

A

Van der waals interactions

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32
Q

What is a PH scale used for?

A

To measure the amount of H+ in a fluid

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33
Q

On the PH scale, anything less than 7 is

A

Acidic

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34
Q

On the PH scale, anything above 7 is

A

Alkaline

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35
Q

Another word for Alkaline

A

Base

36
Q

PH of 7 means the liquid is

A

Neutral

37
Q

True or False - Acids donate protons.

A

True (H+)

38
Q

The weaker the Acid,,

A

The higher the PH

39
Q

The stronger the Base,,

A

The lower the PH

40
Q

Human stomach acid has a PH of

A

2.0

41
Q

True or False - Bases DO NOT accept Protons

A

False

42
Q

Avogadro’s Number states…

A

1 mole = 6.02 x 10^23

43
Q

PH + POH is equal to

A

14

44
Q

Water molecules are _ and therefore experience _

A

Polar molecules, Hydrogen bonds

45
Q

The attraction between substances of the same kind

A

Cohesion

46
Q

The attraction between different substances

A

Adhesion

47
Q

Cohesion + Adhesion =

A

Capillary Action

48
Q

The ability of a fluid to move in a narrow space against gravity

A

Capillary Action

49
Q

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules allow water to absorb a great amount of _

A

Heat Energy

50
Q

What bonds allow ice to float when water freezes?

A

Hydrogen Bonds

51
Q

These bonds prevent organisms from overheating

A

Hydrogen Bonds

52
Q

True or False - Solids will always sink when placed in liquid because they are denser than liquid and gas states

A

True

53
Q

_ is the only liquid that becomes less dense as it freezes

A

Water

54
Q

Define specific heat

A

the amount of heat per unit of mass required to raise the temperature by 1 degree celsius

55
Q

Define organic compounds

A

Compounds that contain at least 1 carbon atom

56
Q

how many bonds can carbon form?

A

4

57
Q

what is a monomer?

A

Individual small organic subunit

58
Q

What are polymers?

A

Large organic compounds that consist of repeating monomers

59
Q

The reaction in which a molecule loses an OH and an H is known as

A

Dehydrolysis

60
Q

The reaction in which molecules gain OH and H is known as

A

Hydrolysis

61
Q

Group of atoms that give specific characteristics to compounds

A

Functional groups

62
Q

The 4 major organic molecules are

A

carbs, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

63
Q

carbohydrates consist of

A

carbs, hydrogen, and oxygen

64
Q

the three types of carbs are …

A

monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides

65
Q

short term energy

A

Monosaccharides

66
Q

sucrose, maltose, and lactose are examples of

A

disaccharides

67
Q

used as energy source in plants

A

starch

68
Q

used as energy source in animals

A

glycogen

69
Q

used as structural support in plants

A

cellulose

70
Q

structural support in animals

A

chitin

71
Q

the bonds between 2 sugars

A

glycosidic bonds

72
Q

disaccharides and polysaccharides will join sugars together through a _ reaction

A

dehydrolysis

73
Q

fats, phospholipids, waxes, and sterols are examples of

A

lipids

74
Q

long term energy

A

fats

75
Q

long chain of carbon atoms bonded with hydrogen atoms are known as …

A

fatty acids

76
Q

_ are when all of the carbons are bonded to 2 hydrogen atoms

A

saturated fats

77
Q

_ are when some carbon atoms are joined by double covalent bonds

A

unsaturated fats

78
Q

contain no fatty acids

A

steroids

79
Q

consist of 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group

A

phospholipids

80
Q

major components for structure and function of cell membranes

A

phospholipids

81
Q

what are the three parts of a nucleotide?

A

nitrogen base, sugar, phosphate group

82
Q

4 major monomers/nucleotides in DNA

A

adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine

83
Q

In DNA, Adenine (A) goes with …

A

Thymine (T)

84
Q

Guanine (G) goes with..

A

Cytosine ( C )

85
Q

In RNA, thymine is substituted with …

A

Uracil

86
Q

known as the energy currency of the cell

A

ATP

Honors Biology (2 decks)

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