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Biology > Biology Final semester 1 > Flashcards

Biology Final semester 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

List the 8 characteristics of life

A

1) composed of cells
2) Organization
3) Use Energy
4) Respond to Stimuli
5) Reproduce
6) Adapt to change
7) metabolism
8) requires energy

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2
Q

the metric system is based on the powers of_____

A

10

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3
Q

Define Variable

A

something that changes in an experiment

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4
Q

Define Control

A

something that remains the same in an experiment

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5
Q

Define Conclusion

A

the results of an experiment

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6
Q

What was the impact of Hooke?

A

Discovered Cells

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7
Q

What was the impact of Leewenhok?

A

Developed first microscope

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8
Q

Define Cytoplasm

A

part of the cell between the cell membrane and the nuclear envelope

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9
Q

Define Cholorplast

A

makes energy for plant cells from the sun by photosynthesis

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10
Q

Define Mitochondria

A

powerhouse of the cell. Where ATP is made

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11
Q

Define Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A

network of tubelike structures that act to transport materials

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12
Q

Define Ribosome

A

sited of protein synthesis (round structures on surface of ER)

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13
Q

Define Golgi Apparatus

A

Storage and secretion of chemicals from cell. Ships proteins to proper places after being made in ribosomes

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14
Q

Define Nucleus

A

contains genetic information, copies DNA (control center of the cell)

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15
Q

What is the composition of the cell membrane?

A

composed of phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates

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16
Q

Function of the cell membrane

A

regulates what enters and exits the cell

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17
Q

Define diffusion

A

movements of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without using energy

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18
Q

Define osmosis

A

movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

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19
Q

Define Active Transport

A

proteins in plasma membrane use energy to pump substances across the membrane

20
Q

During the process of transcription, DNA serves as a template for making _______.

A

RNA

21
Q

Watson and Crick determined that DNA was in the shape of a ________.

A

Double helix

22
Q

Thymine, adenine, guanine, cytosine are classified as __________.

A

Nitrogen bases

23
Q

The process by which DNA makes a copy of itself is called _________.

A

DNA Replication

24
Q

_______ brings the amino acid to the ribosomes for assembly.

A

tRNA

25
Q

The process of concerting RNA code into an amino acid sequence is called ___________.

A

Protein Synthesis

26
Q

Proteins are made up of ______.

A

Amino Acids

27
Q

Proteins are made in the cytoplasm of the cell, whereas DNA is found only in the _______.

A

Nucleus

28
Q

______ carries information from the DNA in the nucleus out into the cytoplasm of the cell

A

mRNA

29
Q

mRNA carries the information for making proteins to the ________.

A

ribosomes

30
Q

Define prophase

A

The chromosomes condense and turn into 2-strand chromatids

31
Q

Define metaphase

A

The chromosomes align at the center of the cell (equatorial plate) and each chromosome is attached to the spindle fiber

32
Q

Define anaphase

A

The chromatids (1 strand) separate and the centromere divides, where each single strand chromatid ascends to opposite poles of the cell (polar ascension)

33
Q

Define telophase

A

The cellular membrane cleaves and the nuclear membrane appears again and the asters turn into centromeres once again

34
Q

Define Meiosis

A

The process of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in reproductive cells from diploid to haploid, leading to the production of gametes in animals and spores in plants.

35
Q

Define Cancer

A

Any of various malignant neoplasms characterized by the proliferation of anaplastic cells that tend to invade surrounding tissue and metastasize to new body sites.

36
Q

Define Interphase

A

The stage of a cell between two successive mitotic or meiotic divisions.

37
Q

Who is the father of genetics?

A

Gregory Mendel

38
Q

What is the study of heredity?

A

genetics

39
Q

Law of Segregation

A

members of each pair of alleles separate when gametes are formed

40
Q

Law of Independent Assortment

A

pairs of alleles separate independent of each other during gamete formation

41
Q

Which group of organisms is believed to have been the earliest to evolve?

A

bacteria

42
Q

which era is the longest in the Geologic Time Scale?

A

Paleozoic

43
Q

Which era do we live in?

A

cenozoic

44
Q

Natural selection can be best defined as________________…

A

only the organisms best adapted to their environment tend to survive and transmit their genetic characteristics in increasing numbers to succeeding generations while those less adapted tend to be eliminated. According to Darwin’s theory

45
Q

Who is the father of evolution?

A

Darwin

Biology (1 decks)

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