Biology Final Quizlet Style

Question 1

What is the most important element to life?

Answer 1

Carbon

Question 2

A compound found mainly in living things is known as an ____________.

Answer 2

Organic Compound

Question 3

Why is carbon so basic to life?

Answer 3

It is found in virtually all living things.

Question 4

How many types can organic compounds be grouped into?

Answer 4

4

Question 5

What is a carbohydrate?

Answer 5

Carbohydrates are an organic compound such as starch or sugar and is used to store energy.

Question 6

What is a monosaccharide?

Answer 6

Simple sugar such as fructose or glucose.

Question 7

What 3 elements are carbohydrates made up of?

Answer 7

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Question 8

Please give 2 examples of a monosaccharide.

Answer 8

Fructose and Glucose.

Question 9

What is a disaccharide?

Answer 9

Two monosaccharides joined together.

Question 10

What is a polysaccharide?

Answer 10

Three or more monosaccharides are joined together.

Question 11

Please provide 2 main functions of carbohydrates.

Answer 11

1. Storing energy
2. Forming structures in living things.

Question 12

What is a protein?

Answer 12

Organic compound made up of small molecules called amino acids.

Question 13

What are the building blocks of proteins? How many are there known to man?

Answer 13

Amino acids and 20.

Question 14

What is a peptide?

Answer 14

Short chain of amino acids.

Question 15

What is a polypeptide?

Answer 15

Long chain of amino acids.

Question 16

What are 3 major functions of proteins?

Answer 16

1. Proteins make up muscle tissue
2. Transport items in and out of cells
3. Proteins help cells keep their shape.

Question 17

How many essential amino acids are there?

Answer 17

9

Question 18

What is a lipid?

Answer 18

Organic compound such as fat or oil.

Question 19

What is saturated fatty acid? Give definition and provide 1 example.

Answer 19

Carbon and hydrogen atoms are tightly packed, meat and butter.

Question 20

What is an unsaturated fatty acid? Please give definition and provide 1 example.

Answer 20

Not tightly packed, almonds and oil.

Question 21

Please list the 3 other types of lipids.

Answer 21

1. Triglycerides
2. Phospholipids
3. Steroids.

Question 22

What are triglycerides?

Answer 22

The main form of stored energy in animals, like sugary food.

Question 23

What are phospholipids?

Answer 23

The major components of cell membranes.

Question 24

What are steroids?

Answer 24

Serve as chemical messengers and have other roles.

Question 25

What is an essential fatty acid?

Answer 25

Must be consumed in food.

Question 26

What does eating too many fats do to the body?

Answer 26

Weight gain and cardiovascular disease.

Question 27

What are the 2 nucleic acids we have discussed?

Answer 27

DNA and RNA.

Question 28

What are those nucleic acids made up of?

Answer 28

Nucleotides.

Question 29

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

Answer 29

Sugar, Phosphate, Nitrogen base.

Question 30

What are the 4 nitrogen bases found in DNA? Which base pairs with each other?

Answer 30

1. Adenine and Thymine 2. Guanine and Cytosine.

Question 31

What is the shape of a DNA molecule known as?

Answer 31

Double Helix.

Question 32

What was the hagfish slime used for on predators?

Answer 32

Prevent suffocation and Protection.

Question 33

What is so unique or interesting about the slime?

Answer 33

It is not sticky.

Question 34

What did Robert Hooke look at under microscope? What did it look like?

Answer 34

A cork. Named the small structures seen under a microscope, cells.

Question 35

Which scientist coined the term 'cells'?

Answer 35

Robert Hooke.

Question 36

Who discovered human blood cells? This person also invented the first 'simple' microscope.

Answer 36

Anton van Leeuwenhoek.

Question 37

Which 3 scientists played a very important role in the development of the cell theory?

Answer 37

Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow.

Question 38

List the three parts of the Cell Theory.

Answer 38

1. All living things are made up of at least one cell. 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. 3. Cells only come from other existing cells.

Question 39

Cells with different functions have different ___________?

Answer 39

Shapes.

Question 40

What are the Common Parts of a Cell?

Answer 40

1. Plasma membrane 2. Cytoplasm 3. Ribosomes 4. Cytoskeleton 5. DNA.

Question 41

What is the plasma membrane?

Answer 41

aka cell membrane layer of lipids that forms the outer boundary.

Question 42

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 42

Space between the cell membrane and nucleus.

Question 43

What are ribosomes?

Answer 43

Site of protein synthesis.

Question 44

What is a cytoskeleton?

Answer 44

Filaments and tubules used for structure.

Question 45

What is DNA?

Answer 45

Genetic material used to make proteins.

Question 46

What are 2 Types of cells?

Answer 46

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic.

Question 47

What is a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 47

A cell without a nucleus.

Question 48

What is a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 48

Cell that has a nucleus and organelles.

Question 49

What is the main job of the phospholipid bi-layer (also known as the cell membrane)?

Answer 49

Provides a boundary between the inside and outside of the cell, protects the cell, regulates what can pass through.

Question 50

What does semi-permeable mean?

Answer 50

Only certain molecules can cross the cell membrane.

Question 51

How many layers does the phospholipid bi-layer have?

Answer 51

2.

Question 52

What is a single phospholipid made up of? (2 parts) Which part is water loving? Which part hates water?

Answer 52

Hydrophilic head: water loving Hydrophobic tails: water hating.

Question 53

What are the membrane proteins' main job?

Answer 53

To assist in various functions including transport and communication.

Question 54

Membrane proteins can be put into 2 main groups. What are these groups and what is their job?

Answer 54

1. Integral are permanently embedded within the membrane 2. Peripheral temporarily associated with the cell membrane.

Question 55

Where is the cytoplasm located?

Answer 55

Between nucleus and cell membrane.

Question 56

What is the cytosol?

Answer 56

Fluid portion of cytoplasm.

Question 57

What are the three functions of the cytoplasm?

Answer 57

1. Suspends the organelles 2. Provides turgor pressure to maintain cells shape 3. Site for biochemical reactions.

Question 58

Where is the cytoskeleton located?

Answer 58

Cytoplasm.

Question 59

What is the cytoskeleton's job?

Answer 59

Crisscrossing network of protein filaments that provide support and aid in transportation of materials.

Question 60

What does the nucleus contain?

Answer 60

Genetic material.

Question 61

What is DNA made up of?

Answer 61

Nucleotides.

Question 62

What does the nuclear envelope surround or enclose?

Answer 62

Nucleus.

Question 63

How many layers is the nuclear membrane?

Answer 63

Double lipid layer.

Question 64

What is the nucleolus main job?

Answer 64

To produce ribosomes.

Question 65

Where is the nucleolus located?

Answer 65

Inside the nucleus.

Question 66

Ribosomes are the site of what? In other words, what do the ribosomes make?

Answer 66

Make proteins.

Question 67

What is the main job of the mitochondria?

Answer 67

The site of cellular respiration (aka. powerhouse of the cell).

Question 68

Where are the mitochondria located?

Answer 68

Cytoplasm.

Question 69

What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum's main 2 jobs?

Answer 69

1. Transport proteins that need to be outside the cell. 2. Produce lipids.

Question 70

What are the two types of Endoplasmic Reticulum? What makes them different?

Answer 70

Rough and smooth ER. Rough has the proteins on the surface but the smooth do not.

Question 71

What is the job of the Golgi Apparatus?

Answer 71

Packages proteins to go through the cell.

Question 72

Where is the Golgi Apparatus located?

Answer 72

Cytoplasm.

Question 73

Where are vesicles made?

Answer 73

Golgi apparatus.

Question 74

What are the jobs of vesicles?

Answer 74

Help transport materials that an organism needs to survive and recycle waste materials.

Question 75

What is the main job of a vacuole?

Answer 75

Store nutrients and water on which a cell can rely for its survival.

Question 76

Centrioles are important for what type of cellular process?

Answer 76

Cell division.

Question 77

What are the 3 extra parts of a plant cell that animal cells don't have?

Answer 77

The cell wall provides structure and protection, chloroplasts allow energy conversion from sunlight, and large central vacuole aids in water balance, storage and growth.

Question 78

What is the cell wall's main job?

Answer 78

Support, shape, and protect the cell.

Question 79

What is the central vacuole's main job?

Answer 79

Hold waste.

Question 80

What is the chloroplast main job?

Answer 80

Perform photosynthesis.

Question 81

Where in the chloroplast does photosynthesis take place?

Answer 81

Thylakoid membrane.

Question 82

What are the 5 levels of organization from smallest to largest?

Answer 82

Cell, tissue, organ, system, organism.