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Biology > Biology Final Exam > Flashcards

Biology Final Exam Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring

A

Heredity

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2
Q

What is also known as a body cell

A

Somatic Cell

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3
Q

What is a specially designed typed of cell division

A

Meiosis

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4
Q

What is a single fertilized egg cell

A

Zygote

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5
Q

What is a set that contains half the usual number of chromosomes

A

Haploid Set

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6
Q

Who is the Father of Genetics

A

Gregor Mendel

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7
Q

What are different forms of a gene for a particular trait

A

Alleles

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8
Q

Two identical alleles

A

Homozygous

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9
Q

Two different alleles

A

Heterozygous

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10
Q

Dominant traits appear in the offspring even if an allele for a different trait is present

A

Law of Dominance

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11
Q

The actual combination of alleles

A

Genotype

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12
Q

The physical appearance of alleles

A

Phenotype

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13
Q

Alleles for each trait separate randomly during the formation of alleles

A

Law of segregation

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14
Q

Exchanging of alleles

A

Recombination

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15
Q

Most genes influence not just one trait but several seemingly unrelated traits

A

Pleiotropy

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16
Q

Involves traits controlled by many different genes

A

Polygenic Inheritance

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17
Q

deoxyribonucleic acid

A

DNA

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18
Q

Where is DNA stored

A

Chromatin

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19
Q

Special molecules that make up DNA and RNA

A

nucleotides

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20
Q

GCAT

A

Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine, Thymine

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21
Q

The process of DNA making a copy of itself

A

Replication

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22
Q

What kind of RNA is used when a new protein is needed

A

mRNA

23
Q

Through What process is mRNA produced

A

Transcription

24
Q

What is a consecutive sequence of three nucleotides in the mRNA that translates into a specific amino acid

A

Codon

25
Q

Ribosomes are made up of proteins and…

A

rRNA

26
Q

Amino Acids are brought to the ribosome by molecules of…

A

tRNA

27
Q

What is the process of synthesizing proteins from the RNA pattern

A

Translation

28
Q

What are noncoding DNA sequences located within the genes

A

Introns

29
Q

What are the techniques of artificially modifying genes

A

Genetic Engineering

30
Q

What is the flexible, self-repairing membrane

A

Cell Membrane

31
Q

Rigid, box-like structure outside the cell membrane of plants

A

Cell Wall

32
Q

organelles suspended in the cytosol

A

Cytoplasm

33
Q

The fluid medium of the cell

A

Cytosol

34
Q

Complex network of hollow, rod-like girders and other fibers that extend throughout a cell

A

Cytoskeleton

35
Q

Pair of microtubule bundles found only in human and animal cells

A

Centrosome

36
Q

Powerhouse of the cell

A

Mitochondria

37
Q

green, oval-shaped organelles containing hundreds of flattened compartments

A

Chloroplasts

38
Q

Small organelles composed of protein and RNA

A

Ribosomes

39
Q

Stack of flattened, membrane-enclosed compartments

A

Golgi Apparatus

40
Q

One-way diffusion through a semi-permeable membrane

A

Osmosis

41
Q

Long, harsh winters with freezing temperatures

A

Arctic Tundra

42
Q

Long, harsh winters with a longer summer and rarely permafrost

A

Northern Coniferous Forest

43
Q

extends from the east coast of the US to the border of the grasslands

A

Temperate Deciduous Forest

44
Q

Grass is the dominant vegetation

A

Grassland

45
Q

Not much rain, hot in day, cold at night

A

desert

46
Q

Hot and humid region with abundant rain

A

Tropical Rainforest

47
Q

This system is known as the skin

A

Integumentary System

48
Q

Egg White

A

Albumen

49
Q

invertebrate with a cylindrical body divided into many consecutive ring-like segments; also called annelids

A

segmented worms

50
Q

any of a group of worms with flattened bodies; also called platyhelminth

A

flatworm

51
Q

nonsegmented invertebrate with a long, slender body covered by a thin cuticle

A

Roundworms

52
Q

Body Parts of insects

A

Head, Thorax, Abdomen

53
Q

Wrote Origin of Species

A

Charles Darwin

54
Q
A

Biology (1 decks)

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