Biology Final

Question 1

Atom

Answer 1

The basic unit of matter

Question 2

Proton

Answer 2

Positively charged particles

Question 3

Neutron

Answer 3

Particle with no charge, neutral

Question 4

Electron

Answer 4

Negatively charged particle with only 1/1840 the mass of a proton

Question 5

Compound

Answer 5

A substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions

Question 6

Molecule

Answer 6

Results when atoms are joined together by covalent bonds, smallest unit of most compounds

Question 7

Amino Acids

Answer 7

Compounds with the amino group (-NH2) on one end and a carboxyl group (-COOH) on the other, covalent bonds link amino acids together to form a polypeptide, and a protein is formed from one or more polypeptides

Question 8

Substrate

Answer 8

It is the reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reaction

Question 9

Catalyst

Answer 9

A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction, work by lowering a reaction’s activation energy

Question 10

Activation Energy

Answer 10

The energy needed to get a reaction started

Question 11

Product

Answer 11

The elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction

Question 12

Reactant

Answer 12

The elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction

Question 13

Prokaryote

Answer 13

Cells that do not enclose DNA in the nuclei, smaller and simpler, do not have organelles, single celled, bacteria

Question 14

Eukaryote

Answer 14

Cells that enclose DNA in the nuclei, larger and more complex, contain organelles, multicellular or single cellular, plants, animals, fungi, protists

Question 15

Lipid Bilayer

Answer 15

Makes up the cell membrane and gives it a flexible structure that forms a strong barrier between the cell and its surroundings, double layered sheet, made up of lipids with a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail

Question 16

Diffusion

Answer 16

The process by which particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 17

Osmosis

Answer 17

The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane, molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, only water molecules can move in osmosis, not solute materials

Question 18

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 18

The process in which molecules that cannot directly diffuse across the membrane pass through special protein channels

Question 19

Active Transport

Answer 19

The movement of materials against a concentration difference that requires energy

Question 20

ATP

Answer 20

ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate, and is used by the cell to store and release energy

Question 21

Fermentation

Answer 21

The process in which oxygen is not present continues to release energy from food molecules by producing ATP

Question 22

Glycolysis

Answer 22

The first set of reactions in cellular respiration and breaks down sugar and results in 2 ATP molecules; takes place in the cytoplasm

Question 23

Krebs Cycle

Answer 23

The second set of reactions in cellular respiration and results in 2 ATP molecules; takes place in the mitochondria

Question 24

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 24

The last set of reactions in cellular respiration and results in 32 ATP molecules

Question 25

Pigment

Answer 25

A light-absorbing molecule that plants use to gather the sun’s energy

Question 26

Chromosome

Answer 26

Genetic information that is bundled up into packages

Question 27

Chromatid

Answer 27

The DNA strand in the duplicated chromosome

Question 28

Interphase

Answer 28

Consists of three phases G1, S, and G2. Interphase it the phase where the cells prepare to divide

Question 29

Cytokinesis

Answer 29

The final stage that completes the process of cell division by splitting one cell into two

Question 30

Gamete

Answer 30

Sex cells

Question 31

Diploid

Answer 31

A cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes

Question 32

Haploid

Answer 32

A cell that only contains one set of homologous chromosomes

Question 33

Spindle

Answer 33

Fanlike system of microtubules that will help to separate the duplicated chromosomes

Question 34

Centromere

Answer 34

Region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach

Question 35

Centriole

Answer 35

Structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division

Question 36

Differentiation

Answer 36

The process in which cells become specialized

Question 37

Homologous Chromosomes

Answer 37

Each of the four chromosomes from the male parent has a corresponding chromosome from the female parent

Question 38

Trait

Answer 38

A specific characteristic of an individual

Question 39

Allele

Answer 39

A different form of a gene

Question 40

Hybrid

Answer 40

The offspring of crosses between parents with different traits

Question 41

Self-pollination

Answer 41

When the sperm cells fertilize the egg cells from within the same flower

Question 42

Cross-pollination

Answer 42

When the male part of the plant is cut away and then used that pollen to dust it onto the female part of another plant

Question 43

P Generation

Answer 43

Parental generation

Question 44

F1 Generation

Answer 44

First filial generation or son/daughter generation

Question 45

F2 Generation

Answer 45

econd filial generation or offspring of the F1 generation

Question 46

Segregation

Answer 46

Separation of alleles

Question 47

Genotype

Answer 47

Genetic makeup of an organism

Question 48

Phenotype

Answer 48

Physical traits of an organism

Question 49

Homozygous

Answer 49

Having two identical genes for a particular gene

Question 50

Heterozygous

Answer 50

Having two different alleles for a particular gene

Question 51

Dominant

Answer 51

Overpowers the recessive allele

Question 52

Recessive

Answer 52

Unable to show unless there are two recessive alleles

Question 53

Independent Assortment

Answer 53

Genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes

Question 54

Nucleotide

Answer 54

Individual monomers, have three parts, 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group and an nitrogenous base, joined by covalent bonds to form nucleic acid, some capture and transfer chemical energy.

Question 55

Deoxyribose

Answer 55

A 5-carbon sugar that makes up a nucleotide

Question 56

DNA Replication

Answer 56

A process where the DNA copies itself and duplicates the DNA

Question 57

Replication Fork

Answer 57

The point at which the two strands of DNA are separated to allow replication of each strand

Question 58

DNA Polymerase

Answer 58

An enzyme that joins individual nucleotides to produce a new strand of DNA

Question 59

DNA Helicase

Answer 59

An enzyme that separates the DNA in the beginning of the replication