biology final 2

Question 0

Franklin

Answer 0

used x-rays to learn about DNA structures. not always given credit

Question 1

Watson/crick

Answer 1

given credit for discovering DNA double helix

Question 2

double helix

Answer 2

structure if the DNA. (2 strands)

Question 3

thymine

Answer 3

one of the 4 bases of nucleic acids. (paired with adenine) T=A

Question 4

cytosine

Answer 4

one of the 4 bases of nucleic acids. (paired with guanine) C=G

Question 5

uracil

Answer 5

constituent base of RNA in DNA it is replaced by thymine

Question 6

deoxyribose

Answer 6

monosaccharide. derived from the sugar ribose by loss of an oxygen atom.

Question 7

ribose

Answer 7

type of RNA that helps form ribosomes and assemble proteins

Question 8

ribosome

Answer 8

organelle inside all cells where proteins are made

Question 9

codon

Answer 9

group of 3 nitrogen bases in nucleic acids that make up genetic code and stands for an amino acid, start or stop

Question 10

start codon

Answer 10

begins translation “AUG”

Question 11

stop codon

Answer 11

“UAG, UGA,UAA” do not code

Question 12

chargaffs rule

Answer 12

the 4 nucleotide bases differ among species; within a species the concentrations of adenine and thymine are always about the same concentrations of cytosine and guanine are about the same

Question 13

transcription

Answer 13

process in which instructions in DNA are copied to form a complementary strand of mRNA

Question 14

translation

Answer 14

genetic instructions are read to synthesize a protein

Question 15

Miller-Urey experiment

Answer 15

created first organic molecules

Question 16

Oregon of heredity

Answer 16

RNA

Question 17

first cells

Answer 17

prokaryotic

Question 18

Linnaeus

Answer 18

came up with 2 name species (genus, species)

Question 19

phylogenetic tree

Answer 19

shows evolutionary relationships

Question 20

taxonomy

Answer 20

science of classifying organisms

Question 21

taxonomic categories

Answer 21

kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species

Question 22

Aristotle

Answer 22

first to do any type of grouping

Question 23

biogeography

Answer 23

study of where/when organisms and ancestors lived

Question 24

fitness

Answer 24

the ability of an organism to live and reproduce

Question 25

vestigial

Answer 25

things we don’t use (hipbone/whales/appendix)

Question 26

genetic drift

Answer 26

change in gene pool by chance (small community)

Question 27

gene pool

Answer 27

collection of all genetic material