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Biology final > Biology final > Flashcards

Biology final Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Carbohydrate monomer

A

Monosaccharide

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2
Q

Carbohydrate

A

Glucose/ quick energy

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3
Q

Lipid monomer

A

Fatty acid

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4
Q

Lipids

A

Long term energy

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5
Q

nucleic acid monomer

A

nucleotide

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6
Q

nucleic acid

A

Store info, DNA,RNA

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7
Q

Proteins monomer

A

Amino acid

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8
Q

Protein

A

Structure normal, enzyme

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9
Q

Saturated fats at room temperature

A

solid

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10
Q

Unsaturated fats at room temperature

A

liquid

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11
Q

What’s the job of an enzyme?

A

speed up chemical reactions

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12
Q

What can change the effectiveness of an enzyme?

A

Temperature PH enzyme, concentration

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13
Q

Mitochondria

A

Energy producing (ATP)

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14
Q

Chloroplast

A

Site of photosynthesis green pigment

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15
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Package and distribute proteins

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16
Q

Rough ER

A

synthesize proteins dotted

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17
Q

Smooth ER

A

Synthesize lipids (makes)

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18
Q

cell membrane

A

thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell

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19
Q

Ribosome

A

Around rough ER responsible for protein

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20
Q

prokaryotic

A

No nucleus (bacteria DNA)

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21
Q

Eukaryotic

A

Has a nucleus (plants animals humans)

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22
Q

What are three parts to the cell theory?

A

all organisms are made of cells, all existing cells are produced by other living cells, the cell is the most basic unit of life

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23
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

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24
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

Goes to get a channel high to low

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25
Q

Osmosis

A

Absorption of water high to low

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26
Q

Endocytosis

A

Tries to kill bacteria in gulps it

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27
Q

Exocytosis

A

takes waste puts it in extra cellular space

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28
Q

sodium-potassium pump

A

protein channels where sodium and potassium are transported against the concentration gradient

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29
Q

What direction does concentration move an active transport?

A

Low to high

30
Q

What direction does concentration move in passive transport?

A

High to low

31
Q

What are the aerobic steps to cellular respiration which produces the most ATP

A

Glycolysis krebs cycle ETC (Krebs cycle)

32
Q

Who performs cellular respiration?

A

autotrophs and heterotrophs (ALL LIVING THINGS)

33
Q

How do plants produce ATP?

A

photosynthesis

34
Q

What is the energy of our cells

A

ATP

35
Q

Stomata

A

Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move

36
Q

Homeostasis

A

process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment

37
Q

Semi conservative

A

One original strand of DNA in one new one

38
Q

central vacuole

A

stores water in plants only

39
Q

DNA helicase

A

Unzips in unwinds, breaking hydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases

40
Q

DNA polymerase

A

Adds complementary nucleotide

41
Q

What type of macromolecule is in DNA and RNA

A

nucleic acid

42
Q

What is the central dogma Basic order of protein?

A

DNA-transcription-RNA-translation-protein

43
Q

What are the most harmful mutations and why

A

Frameshift deletion, mutation changes whole DNA strand

44
Q

What is the role of transcription?

A

in nucleus second and ribosome

45
Q

What is the role of translation

A

synthesis of a protein where code of mRNA is converted to a sequence (CYTOPLASM)

46
Q

Codon

A

3 nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid

47
Q

Anti-codon

A

group of 3 bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon

48
Q

what are the key steps to the scientific method

A

observation, question, hypothesis, experimentation, data analysis

49
Q

Solvent

A

the substance in which the solute dissolves

50
Q

Solute

A

liquid mixed with solute

51
Q

Solution

A

when solvent and solute mix together

52
Q

Does the sodium-potassium pump require ATP?

A

YES

53
Q

Hypertonic

A

takes on water

54
Q

Hypotonic

A

loses water

55
Q

Where does glycolysis take place? what is made? Whats breaking down

A

cytoplasm ATP pyruvic and acid is made. glucose breaks down

56
Q

Fermentation

A

Process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen

57
Q

what are the anaerobic processes of cellular respiration

A

Glycolysis 2. fermentation 3. lactic acid 4. alcoholic

58
Q

cellular respiration reactants

A

glucose and oxygen

59
Q

cellular respiration products

A

carbon dioxide, water, and ATP

60
Q

photosynthesis reactants

A

carbon dioxide and water

61
Q

Photosynthesis products

A

glucose and oxygen

62
Q

antiparallel

A

The DNA backbone switch

63
Q

Cytoplasm

A

A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended

64
Q
  1. Enzymes what do they do?
A

Lowering activation energy

65
Q
  1. What is the primary role of nucleic acid
A

Genetic info

66
Q
  1. What is a major pillar of cell theory
A

Cells come from preexisting cells

67
Q
  1. Which macromolecule stores energy in there long stand of carbon hydrogen bond
A

Lipid

68
Q
  1. What molecule is responsible for splitting a DNA molecule
A

Helicase

69
Q
  1. Energy used by ourselves what do we call it after it looses energy
A

ADP

70
Q

order of enzyme process

A

Active site, substrate, product, enzym

71
Q

Photosynthesis formula

A

6CO2+ 6H2O+ energy= C6H12O6+ 6O2

Biology final (1 decks)

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