Biology feb 7

Question 1

ingestion

Answer 1

the taking of food and drink into the body

Question 2

digestion:

Answer 2

the breakdown of food

Question 3

physical digestion:

Answer 3

the breakdown of food into smaller pieces, without making any chemical changes to the molecules in the food

Question 4

chemical digestion:

Answer 4

the breakdown of large molecules in food into smaller molecules, so that they can be absorbed

Question 5

absorption:

Answer 5

the movement of nutrients from the alimentary canal into the blood

Question 6

assimilation:

Answer 6

the uptake and use of nutrients by cells

Question 7

egestion:

Answer 7

the removal of undigested food from the body as faeces

Question 8

digestive system:

Answer 8

the group of organs that carries out digestion of food

Question 9

liver:

Answer 9

a large, dark red organ that produces bile and regulates blood glucose concentration

Question 10

pancreas:

Answer 10

a creamy-white organ lying close to the stomach, which secretes pancreatic juice; it also secretes the hormones insulin and glucagon, which are involved in the control of blood glucose concentration

Question 11

absorbed:

Answer 11

soaked up; nutrients are absorbed from the alimentary canal into the blood, through the walls of the small intestine

Question 12

small intestine:

Answer 12

a long, narrow part of the alimentary canal, consisting of the duodenum and ileum

Question 13

colon:

Answer 13

the first part of the large intestine

Question 14

ileum:

Answer 14

the second part of the small intestine; most absorption takes place here

Question 15

pancreatic duct:

Answer 15

the tube that carries pancreatic fluid from the pancreas to the duodenum

Question 16

large intestine:

Answer 16

a relatively wide part of the alimentary canal, consisting of the colon and rectum

Question 17

rectum:

Answer 17

the second part of the large intestine, where faeces are produced and stored

Question 18

bile:

Answer 18

an alkaline fluid produced by the liver, which helps with fat digestion

Question 19

gall bladder:

Answer 19

a small organ that stores bile, before the bile is released into the duodenum

Question 20

bile duct:

Answer 20

the tube that carries bile from the gall bladder to the duodenum

Question 21

salivary glands:

Answer 21

groups of cells close to the mouth, which secrete saliva into the salivary ducts

Question 22

oesophagus:

Answer 22

the tube leading from the mouth to the stomach

Question 23

trachea:

Answer 23

the tube through which air travels to the lungs; it is supported by rings of cartilage.

Question 24

stomach:

Answer 24

a wide part of the alimentary canal, in which food can be stored for a while, and where the digestion of protein begins

Question 25

lumen:

Answer 25

the space in the centre of a tube, through which substances can move

Question 26

duodenum:

Answer 26

the first part of the small intestine, into which the pancreatic duct and bile duct empty fluids