Biology Exam 2: #3 Flashcards
Phylogenetics
describing how to characterize species diversity and determining evolutionary relationships among organisms; in order to characterize species diversity and evolutionary relationships, we need to be able to name organisms
Carolus Linneaus
-proposed system to combat species naming problem
- Wrote Systema Naturae to describe solution
Systema Naturae
-laid out specific protocols and rules for naming organisms and organizing that info
- universal naming language would be Latin
- proposed review of new speices to avoid redundancy
- created Binomial Nomenclature
Binomial Nomenclature
Naming in Latin to created identification for an organism, including the Genus + species
- Example: Canis lupus
Hierarchical nomenclature
-system for organizing species in terms of relatedness
- Kingdom -> Phylum-> Class-> Order-> Family-> Genus -> Species
(Domain added later!!)
Domain in hierarchical nomenclature
added above Kingdom in organization to distinguish among the groups Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
Carl Woese
added Domain to hierarchical nomenclature in 1977
Domains Bacteria and Archaea
prokaryotes(lacking membrane-bound nucleus/chromosome free-floating in cytoplasm of cell)
Synapomorphies
sahred characteristics that can be used to separate or group organisms
Domain Eukarya
eukaryotes that have a membrane bound nucleus/DNA surrounded by nucleus membrane
Common Ancestor
At the bottom of every phylogenetic tree, things farther up the tree evolved from it
Phylogenetic tree
Visual representation to show revolutionary relationships between organisms, with a variety of approaches used to distinguish the organisms
Interpret a phylogenetic tree with a Lungfish, Lizard, Dog, and Human on Exam; located in 9-27 Slides
Interpret a phylogenetic tree with a Lungfish, Lizard, Dog, and Human on Exam: located in 9-27 slides
Archae and Eukarya
Domains that have unique mode of protein synthesis
Bacteria
Has a separate mode of protein synthesis
