Biology Exam 1 Study Guide

Question 1

biology

Answer 1

the study of life

Question 2

levels of organization

Answer 2

atom - cell - tissue - organ - body system - organism - population - community - ecosystem - biosphere

Question 3

characteristics of life

Answer 3

energy and materials, maintain internal environment, organisms respond, reproduction and development, have adaptations

Question 4

taxonomy

Answer 4

classifying/naming organisms according to criteria

Question 5

categories of classification

Answer 5

domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order - family - genus - species

Question 6

photosynthesis

Answer 6

turning solar energy into chemical energy

Question 7

metabolism

Answer 7

any chemical reaction that occurs in a cell

Question 8

energy flow

Answer 8

solar energy - [producers - consumers - decomposers]

Question 9

homeostasis

Answer 9

state of balance within an organism

Question 10

prokaryote

Answer 10

lack a nucleus and organelles (bacteria and archaea)

Question 11

eukaryote

Answer 11

have nucleus and organelles

Question 12

protist

Answer 12

single celled eukaryotes

Question 13

plant

Answer 13

multicelled photosynthesizers

Question 14

animal

Answer 14

multicelled organism that ingests food

Question 15

fungi

Answer 15

multicellular decomposers

Question 16

scientific method

Answer 16

observation - hypothesis - prediction - experiment - conclusion

Question 17

null hypothesis

Answer 17

states lack of relationship

Question 18

treatment

Answer 18

condition applied to subjects

Question 19

experimental group

Answer 19

subjects exposed to treatment

Question 20

control group

Answer 20

subjects not exposed to treatment

Question 21

dependent variable

Answer 21

variable that occurs as a result of the iv

Question 22

independent variable

Answer 22

variable does not depend on another

Question 23

placebo

Answer 23

positive response to treatment with inactive substance

Question 24

blind experiment

Answer 24

subjects do not know which treatment they receive

Question 25

double-blind experiment

Answer 25

both subjects and experimenter do not know which treatment subjects receive

Question 26

randomized experiment

Answer 26

subjects are randomly assigned to experimental/control group

Question 27

theory

Answer 27

explanatory hypothesis for phenomena that is supported by evidence/date

Question 28

atom

Answer 28

individual component pieces of an element

Question 29

matter

Answer 29

anything with mass and takes up space

Question 30

element

Answer 30

a pure substance that cannot be broken apart any further

Question 31

molecule

Answer 31

group of multiple atoms bonded together

Question 32

compound

Answer 32

molecules made up of two or more elements

Question 33

neutron

Answer 33

heavy particle with neutral charge

Question 34

proton

Answer 34

heavy particle with positive charge

Question 35

electron

Answer 35

light particle with negative charge

Question 36

atomic number

Answer 36

the number of electrons in an atom's nucleus

Question 37

atomic weight

Answer 37

mass of a whole atom

Question 38

energy shell

Answer 38

first shell has only 2 electrons, all other shells have up to 8

Question 39

chemical bonding

Answer 39

hold atoms together

Question 40

covalent

Answer 40

atoms share electrons

Question 41

ionic

Answer 41

opposite charge atoms attract each other

Question 42

cation

Answer 42

positive charge molecule

Question 43

anion

Answer 43

negative charge molecule

Question 44

hydrogen bond

Answer 44

formed with H atoms and an element, opposite charges attract

Question 45

water's importance to life

Answer 45

cohesion and adhesion, large heat capacity, low density as a solid, universal solvent

Question 46

acid

Answer 46

ionic compound that releases hydrogen

Question 47

base

Answer 47

ionic compound that releases hydroxide

Question 48

ph

Answer 48

how acidic a substance is

Question 49

isomer

Answer 49

one to two compounds with the same elements, but made up in a different configuration

Question 50

steroids

Answer 50

lipids with four fused rings

Question 51

LDL

Answer 51

low density lipoprotein that forms plaque and sticks to artery walls

Question 52

HDL

Answer 52

high density lipoprotein that removes LDL

Question 53

saturated fats

Answer 53

clogs arteries, single bonds, from animals

Question 54

unsaturated fats

Answer 54

more readily used in bodes, at least one double bond, from plants

Question 55

peptide bond

Answer 55

two or more amino acids joined in a covalent bond

Question 56

complete protein

Answer 56

contains all amino acids (animal products)

Question 57

incomplete protein

Answer 57

does not contain all amino acids (veggies, grains)

Question 58

enzymes

Answer 58

speed up chemical reactions, only fit in lock and key

Question 59

denaturation

Answer 59

change shape of a protein by pressure, temperature, ph

Question 60

dehydration synthesis

Answer 60

loss of water that binds monomers into polymers

Question 61

hydrolysis

Answer 61

addition of water that breaks apart polymers into monomers