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Bio 180- Anatomy > biology exam 1 > Flashcards

biology exam 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Superior

A

toward the head end of the body;

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2
Q

anterior (ventral)

A

front

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3
Q

medial

A

toward the middle or center

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4
Q

lateral

A

a position away from the midline of the body

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5
Q

intermediate

A

used to point to something that is between two structures

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6
Q

ipsilateral

A

structures on the same side of the body or brain (left or right)

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7
Q

contralateral

A

something happening on opposite sides of the body

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8
Q

proximal

A

toward or nearest the trunk or the point of origin of a part

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9
Q

distal

A

sites located away from a specific area, most often the center of the body.

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10
Q

superficial

A

closer to the surface of the body.

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11
Q

parietal

A

along the top and sides of the skull.

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12
Q

visceral

A

which are the soft internal organs of the body, including the lungs, the heart, and the organs of the digestive, excretory, reproductive, and circulatory systems.

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13
Q

what are the main body cavities?

A

the cranial cavity, the vertebral cavity, the thoracic cavity, the abdominal cavity, and the pelvic cavity

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14
Q

plasma membrane

A

provides protection for a cell

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15
Q

cytosol

A

contains dissolved nutrients, helps break down waste products, and moves material around the cell.

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16
Q

nucleus

A

serves both as the repository of genetic information and as the cell’s control center.

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17
Q

ribosomes

A

the site of protein synthesis in the cell

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18
Q

golgi complex

A

prepares proteins and lipid (fat) molecules for use in other places inside and outside the cell.

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19
Q

lysosome

A

the digestive system of the cell

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20
Q

peroxisome

A

carrying out oxidative reactions using molecular oxygen.

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21
Q

mitochondria

A

which generates ATP by utilizing the energy released during the oxidation of the food we eat.

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22
Q

cytoskeleton

A

provides a structural framework for the cell

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23
Q

flagella

A

enables movement

24
Q

cilia

A

move microbes and debris up and out of the airways

25
Q

centrosome

A

involved in the process of cell division

26
Q

centrioles

A

Organize microtubules

27
Q

cell inclusions

A

serve as storage compartments

28
Q

what are the phases of the mitosis

A

prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase and cytokinesis.

29
Q

what is happening during prophase

A

the chromosomes condense and centrosomes move to opposite sides of the nucleus

30
Q

what is happening during metaphase

A

the nucleus dissolves and the cell’s chromosomes condense and move together,

31
Q

what is happening during anaphase

A

each pair of chromosomes is separated into two identical, independent chromosomes.

32
Q

what is happening during telophase

A

a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes to separate the nuclear DNA from the cytoplasm.

33
Q

what is happening during cytokinesis

A

The cell membrane pinches in at the cell equator, forming a cleft

34
Q

what are the 4 main types of tissues

A

connective tissue, epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue

35
Q

what are some functions of epithelial tissues

A

protection, secretion, absorption, excretion, filtration, diffusion, and sensory reception.

36
Q

what are the three functional classifications of exocrine glands?

A

merocrine, apocrine, and holocrine

37
Q

where do you find exocrine glands?

A

in the stomach, pancreas, and intestines

38
Q

what are some functions of connective tissues?

A

supports, protects, and gives structure to other tissues and organs in the body.

39
Q

what are the 3 basic elements of connective tissue?

A

ground substance, fibers, and cells,

40
Q

name at least 4 types of connective tissues as well as their function and location

A

BLOOD, BONE CELLS, CARTILAGE and ADIPOSE

41
Q

what are the 3 kinds of muscle tissue?

A

Skeletal, smooth and cardiac.

42
Q

what are the differences between the types of muscle tissue?

A

Skeletal muscle moves bones and other structures. Cardiac muscle contracts the heart to pump blood. The smooth muscle tissue that forms organs like the stomach and bladder changes shape to facilitate bodily functions.

43
Q

name the 5 layers of the epidermis

A

stratum basale.
stratum spinosum.
stratum granulosum.
stratum lucidum.
stratum corneum.

44
Q

what are 2 parts of the dermis?

A

papillary and reticular dermis.

45
Q

4 types of bone cells

A

osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts and osteogenic cells

46
Q

function of osteoblasts

A

bone formation

47
Q

function of osteocytes

A

Known for the remodeling process of the bone

48
Q

function of osteoclasts

A

bone resorption

49
Q

function of osteogenic cells

A

develop into osteoblasts

50
Q

what makes up the axial skeleton

A

the bones in your skull, neck, ears, vertebrae, and rib cage

51
Q

what makes up the pectoral girdle?

A

the clavicles (collarbones) and the scapulae (shoulder blades).

52
Q

example of gliding joint

A

wrist

53
Q

example of hinge joint

A

elbow, knee

54
Q

example of condyloid joint

A

Hands

55
Q

example of ball and socket joint

A

shoulder

Bio 180- Anatomy (1 decks)

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