biology eoys Flashcards
define the digestion
the break down of large insoluble molecules to small soluble molecules via chemical and mechanical breakdowns
purpose of digestion
to break down large insoluble molecules in small soluble molecules
enzmyes that break down starch to glucose
amylase and maltase
what is the name of the part of the substance that the substrate binds to
active site
carbonhydrates are made of
carbon, hydrogen oxygen
why do you need lipids
to insulate organs and as a reserve
maltose adds to togher to make
starch
why does temp increase the rate of reaction
more kinetic energy meaning mos
define diffusion
the net movement of particles from a high conc to low conc
define osmosis
the net movement of particles from a high conc to low conc in water
what is the struture of a virus
hexagon, protein coat and strand of DNA
what factors affect the rate of diffusion
the temp, the conc. the distance they have to travel, sa;v ratio.
what is slapuk
scale,line,axis,points,units,key if needed
why do we need lipids
to insulate our organs and as an energy reserve
why do we need proteins
amino acids, and they helps the body grow/repair
why do we need fibre
help digestive system
why do we need iron
for red blood cells eg hymoglobin
why do we need calcium
for teeth and bones
what happens if you dont have enough vitamin D
rickets/softening of bones
what happens if you dont have enough vitamin C
scurvy
equsion of finding how many jules
enegry realsed from food per gram = mass of water(g) x temp rise x 4.2 / mass of food sample
what elements are in carbohydrate
hydrogen and carbon dioxide, oxygen
what elements are in protein
hydrogen and carbon, nitrogen , oxygen
what elements are in lipids
hydrogen,oxtgen,carbon
what colour does benedicts turn when sugar if present
deep blue —-> bright orange or red
what color does iodine soliton when starch
yellows —> blue purple
what colour does biurets turn when protein is present.
blue to purple
how do you test for fats
add 1cm of what your trying to test
add 2cm of ethonal
add 3cms of water
now shake if fats is present that yellow to cloudy white
what is prokaryotic organism
a single celled organism with no nucleus
what is a eukayotic
has a nuclia and has more then one cell
what is the balance equsion for respiration
c6h1206 + 602 —-> 6co2+6h20
what is the balanced equsion for photosynsis
6 co2 + 6h20 —-> c6h12o6 + 6o2
what side has more stomata upper or lower
lower
what is the 3 limting factors of photosynsis
temp, light conc, co2 conc
what part of the leaf aborbs the most sunlight
palliside mesophyll
why is the spongy mesophyll spongy
to allow of gases exchange and increase the s av ratio
what does waxy cuticle do
prevent water loss
how do stomata close and open
the guard cells lose and gain water making them turgid and ridgid and this means they can open and close
how do plants move the products of photolysis
though vascular bundles
factors effecting the rate of enzymes reactions
temp,ph, substate conc, enzyme conc
where is the only place on the body whre the ph is not 7
stomach becuase of pepsin
3 features of the illium
high s av ration small distance to travel
