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Biology EOC > Biology EOC Flashcards > Flashcards

Biology EOC Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are enzymes

A

Catalysts that speed up reactions without using themselves up

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2
Q

What is the role of carbohydrates

A

Provide energy

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3
Q

What is the role of proteins

A

Required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs

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4
Q

What is the role of lipids

A

Storing energy, signaling, and acting as structural components of cell membranes

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5
Q

What is the role of Nucleic acids

A

Make up genetic information in living things

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6
Q

What are the 7 chacterstics of water

A
  1. High surface tension
  2. High heat of vaporization
  3. Cohesion
  4. Adhesion
  5. Less dense when frozen
  6. Great solvent
  7. High specific heat
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7
Q

3 alterations during DNA Replication

A

Insertion, Deletions, substitutions

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8
Q

What is insertion in DNA replication

A

the addition of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a DNA sequence

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9
Q

What is deletion in DNA replication

A

a part of a chromosome or a sequence of DNA is lost during DNA replication

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10
Q

What is substitutions in DNA replication

A

a single nucleotide is substituted with a different nucleotide

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11
Q

What are the advantages of sexual reproduction

A

Genetically-diverse(different)

Natural selection takes place to remove bad genes

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12
Q

What are the advantages of asexual reproduction

A

Can reproduce twice as many

Does not require fertilization

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13
Q

Why do Viruses need host cells

A

Virus needs host cells to reproduce

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14
Q

Explain the relationship of meiosis in Mendels laws

A

Mendels first law states that alleles segregate randomly into gametes. Meiosis is the separation of chromosomes into different gametes

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15
Q

What is DNA’s role with cellular information

A

DNA stores and transmitt the cellular information from the Nucleus

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16
Q

What are the differences if DNA and RNA

A 
DNA
-Double Strand
-Thymine
RNA
-Single Strand
-Uracil
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17
Q

What are some factors that can alter DNA

A

High energy radiation

Chemicals

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18
Q

What is the source of all energy come from

A

The sun

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19
Q

Photosynthesis II

A

Thylakoid

Light, Water = O2, H+

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20
Q

Photosynthesis I

A

Thylakoid

H+, NADP+, ADP = NADPH, ATP

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21
Q

Calvin cycle

A

Stroma

ATP, NADPH,CO2 = NADP+, ADP, G3P

22
Q

Glycosis

A

Cytoplasm

ADP, NAD+,Glucose = Pryuvate, NADH, ATP

23
Q

Kreb’s cycle

A

Inner Mitochondria Matrix

ADP, FAD+,NAD+,AcetyCoA = CO2,ATP,FADH2,NADH

24
Q

Electron transport chain

A

Inner Mitochondria Membrane

FADH2,NADH,O2,ADP = FAD+,NAD+,H2O,ATP

25
Q

Independent evidence(Evolution)

A 
Comparative anatomy
Embryology and development
Fossil record
DNA comparisons
Species Distribution
Evolution Observed
Predictive power of evolution
Nested Hierarchies to traits
26
Q

Modern classification

A 
Domain - Least specific
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species - Most specific
27
Q

The six kingdoms in modern classification

A

Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protists, Fungi, Plants, and Animals

28
Q

Plants Adapations

A

The plant adaptations are the changes in plants to adapt to their environment, because they need to survive.

29
Q

Animals Adapations

A

Animal adaptations are used to adapt to their environments, like fur, which is used to insulate themselves from the cold.

30
Q

How much energy is passed on the next level of consumers

A

10%

31
Q

What is an ecosystem

A

a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment

32
Q

What is the lock and key model

A

The lock is the enzyme and the key is the substrate. Only the correctly sized key fits into the key hole of the lock

33
Q

The history of The theory of evolution

A

In 1858 Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace published a new evolutionary theory, explained in detail in Darwin’s On the Origin of Species. Darwin explains natural selection and what it meant

34
Q

What is natural selection

A

the process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring

35
Q

What is the energy pyramid

A

a graphical model of energy flow in a community

36
Q

What is primary succession

A

colonization of new sites by communities of organisms. It often occurs after a devastating event has wiped out the organisms that lived in the area

37
Q

What is secondary succession

A

the series of community changes which take place on a previously colonized, but disturbed or damaged habitat

38
Q

When does most primary succession happen

A

after a diaster like lava flow or area left from retreated glacier.

39
Q

What is a Prokaryotic cell

A

a unicellular organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane bound organelle

40
Q

What is a Eukaryotic cell

A

any organism whose cells have a nucleus and other organelles enclosed within membranes(membrane bound organelles)

41
Q

Why do some organisms like insects and bacteria evolve

A

To become resistanced to pesticides and antibiotics

42
Q

Explain the history of life in terms of biodiversity, ancestry, and the rates of evolution

A

Biodiversity has made evolution possible by having more adaptations and everyone has a common ancestor

43
Q

Explain how fossil and biochemical evidence support the theory of evolution.

A

Fossils show evidence because they are proof of evolution throughout the span of the Earth. Biochemical evidence is a more reliable form of identifying evolution.

44
Q

Relate natural selection to change in organisms.

A

Natural selection helps pick out the weak organisms in a population, leaving only the desirable traits

45
Q

Relate environmental conditions to successional changes in ecosystems.

A

The changes in an environment change the organisms that are living in them, giving them new adaptations.

46
Q

What human activities that influence and modify the environment

A

Global warming
Population growth
Pesticide use
water and power consumption

47
Q

What is global warming and how are humans effecting it

A

A gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth’s atmosphere. Humans are speeding it up by buring fossil fuels

48
Q

What are the population growths effects on the environment

A

As a population grows, the need for space increases and the use of fossil fuels increases

49
Q

What are pesticides

A

Chemicals used by farmers to prevent, destory, and repel insects

50
Q

What are the effects of water and power consumption

A

water consumption may cause the balance of the environment to become unstable
Power consumption - not all power sources are good for the environment

51
Q

Examine the use of DNA technology/biotechnology in forensics(crime), medicine, and agriculture

A

Forensics(crime) - DNA fingerprinting is oftened used to mostly find out who the criminal was.
Medicine - Sciencetist can breed medical plants to produce cures to diseases
Agriculture - to grow crops that have a lot nutrients and minerals

52
Q

Explain the cycling of energy through the processes of photosynthesis and respiration

A

Photosynthesis makes the glucose that is used in cellular respiration to make ATP. The glucose is then turned back into carbon dioxide, which is used in photosynthesis.

Biology EOC (1 decks)

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