Biology EOC

Question 1

What are enzymes

Answer 1

Catalysts that speed up reactions without using themselves up

Question 2

What is the role of carbohydrates

Answer 2

Provide energy

Question 3

What is the role of proteins

Answer 3

Required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs

Question 4

What is the role of lipids

Answer 4

Storing energy, signaling, and acting as structural components of cell membranes

Question 5

What is the role of Nucleic acids

Answer 5

Make up genetic information in living things

Question 6

What are the 7 chacterstics of water

Answer 6

1. High surface tension
2. High heat of vaporization
3. Cohesion
4. Adhesion
5. Less dense when frozen
6. Great solvent
7. High specific heat

Question 7

3 alterations during DNA Replication

Answer 7

Insertion, Deletions, substitutions

Question 8

What is insertion in DNA replication

Answer 8

the addition of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a DNA sequence

Question 9

What is deletion in DNA replication

Answer 9

a part of a chromosome or a sequence of DNA is lost during DNA replication

Question 10

What is substitutions in DNA replication

Answer 10

a single nucleotide is substituted with a different nucleotide

Question 11

What are the advantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 11

Genetically-diverse(different)

Natural selection takes place to remove bad genes

Question 12

What are the advantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 12

Can reproduce twice as many

Does not require fertilization

Question 13

Why do Viruses need host cells

Answer 13

Virus needs host cells to reproduce

Question 14

Explain the relationship of meiosis in Mendels laws

Answer 14

Mendels first law states that alleles segregate randomly into gametes. Meiosis is the separation of chromosomes into different gametes

Question 15

What is DNA’s role with cellular information

Answer 15

DNA stores and transmitt the cellular information from the Nucleus

Question 16

What are the differences if DNA and RNA

Answer 16

DNA
-Double Strand
-Thymine
RNA
-Single Strand
-Uracil

Question 17

What are some factors that can alter DNA

Answer 17

High energy radiation

Chemicals

Question 18

What is the source of all energy come from

Answer 18

The sun

Question 19

Photosynthesis II

Answer 19

Thylakoid

Light, Water = O2, H+

Question 20

Photosynthesis I

Answer 20

Thylakoid

H+, NADP+, ADP = NADPH, ATP

Question 21

Calvin cycle

Answer 21

Stroma

ATP, NADPH,CO2 = NADP+, ADP, G3P

Question 22

Glycosis

Answer 22

Cytoplasm

ADP, NAD+,Glucose = Pryuvate, NADH, ATP

Question 23

Kreb’s cycle

Answer 23

Inner Mitochondria Matrix

ADP, FAD+,NAD+,AcetyCoA = CO2,ATP,FADH2,NADH

Question 24

Electron transport chain

Answer 24

Inner Mitochondria Membrane

FADH2,NADH,O2,ADP = FAD+,NAD+,H2O,ATP

Question 25

Independent evidence(Evolution)

Answer 25

``` Comparative anatomy Embryology and development Fossil record DNA comparisons Species Distribution Evolution Observed Predictive power of evolution Nested Hierarchies to traits ```

Question 26

Modern classification

Answer 26

``` Domain - Least specific Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species - Most specific ```

Question 27

The six kingdoms in modern classification

Answer 27

Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protists, Fungi, Plants, and Animals

Question 28

Plants Adapations

Answer 28

The plant adaptations are the changes in plants to adapt to their environment, because they need to survive.

Question 29

Animals Adapations

Answer 29

Animal adaptations are used to adapt to their environments, like fur, which is used to insulate themselves from the cold.

Question 30

How much energy is passed on the next level of consumers

Answer 30

10%

Question 31

What is an ecosystem

Answer 31

a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment

Question 32

What is the lock and key model

Answer 32

The lock is the enzyme and the key is the substrate. Only the correctly sized key fits into the key hole of the lock

Question 33

The history of The theory of evolution

Answer 33

In 1858 Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace published a new evolutionary theory, explained in detail in Darwin's On the Origin of Species. Darwin explains natural selection and what it meant

Question 34

What is natural selection

Answer 34

the process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring

Question 35

What is the energy pyramid

Answer 35

a graphical model of energy flow in a community

Question 36

What is primary succession

Answer 36

colonization of new sites by communities of organisms. It often occurs after a devastating event has wiped out the organisms that lived in the area

Question 37

What is secondary succession

Answer 37

the series of community changes which take place on a previously colonized, but disturbed or damaged habitat

Question 38

When does most primary succession happen

Answer 38

after a diaster like lava flow or area left from retreated glacier.

Question 39

What is a Prokaryotic cell

Answer 39

a unicellular organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane bound organelle

Question 40

What is a Eukaryotic cell

Answer 40

any organism whose cells have a nucleus and other organelles enclosed within membranes(membrane bound organelles)

Question 41

Why do some organisms like insects and bacteria evolve

Answer 41

To become resistanced to pesticides and antibiotics

Question 42

Explain the history of life in terms of biodiversity, ancestry, and the rates of evolution

Answer 42

Biodiversity has made evolution possible by having more adaptations and everyone has a common ancestor

Question 43

Explain how fossil and biochemical evidence support the theory of evolution.

Answer 43

Fossils show evidence because they are proof of evolution throughout the span of the Earth. Biochemical evidence is a more reliable form of identifying evolution.

Question 44

Relate natural selection to change in organisms.

Answer 44

Natural selection helps pick out the weak organisms in a population, leaving only the desirable traits

Question 45

Relate environmental conditions to successional changes in ecosystems.

Answer 45

The changes in an environment change the organisms that are living in them, giving them new adaptations.

Question 46

What human activities that influence and modify the environment

Answer 46

Global warming Population growth Pesticide use water and power consumption

Question 47

What is global warming and how are humans effecting it

Answer 47

A gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere. Humans are speeding it up by buring fossil fuels

Question 48

What are the population growths effects on the environment

Answer 48

As a population grows, the need for space increases and the use of fossil fuels increases

Question 49

What are pesticides

Answer 49

Chemicals used by farmers to prevent, destory, and repel insects

Question 50

What are the effects of water and power consumption

Answer 50

water consumption may cause the balance of the environment to become unstable Power consumption - not all power sources are good for the environment

Question 51

Examine the use of DNA technology/biotechnology in forensics(crime), medicine, and agriculture

Answer 51

Forensics(crime) - DNA fingerprinting is oftened used to mostly find out who the criminal was. Medicine - Sciencetist can breed medical plants to produce cures to diseases Agriculture - to grow crops that have a lot nutrients and minerals

Question 52

Explain the cycling of energy through the processes of photosynthesis and respiration

Answer 52

Photosynthesis makes the glucose that is used in cellular respiration to make ATP. The glucose is then turned back into carbon dioxide, which is used in photosynthesis.