Biology Endocrine System aka hormones Flashcards
Peptide
Protein that can’t diffuse
Bind to receptors on membrane surfaces. Use secondary messengers
Steroids
Lipids-non polar
Diffuse through the membrane and act in the nucleus
Tyrosines
Both ways
Thyroids diffused into nucleus/ Catecholamines act on receptors at the membrane
Hormones released by the anterior pituitary
hGH, ACTH, FSH, LH, TSH, Prolactin
Hormones released by the posterior pituitary
Oxytocin, ADH
Hormones released by the Adrenal Cortex
Aldosterone, Cortisol
Hormones released by the Adrenal Medulla
Epinephrine, Norepinephrine
Hormones released by the Thyroid
T3/T4, Calcitonin
Hormones released by the Parathyroid
PTH
Hormones released by the Pancreas
Insulin, Glucagon
Hormones released by the Ovaries
Estrogens, Progesterone
Hormones released by the Testes
Testosterone
Hormones released by the Placenta
HCG, Estrogens (while pregnant), Progesterone (while pregnant)
hGH
Growth of nearly all cells
Peptide
ACTH
Stimulates Adrenal Cortex
Peptide
FSH
Growth of follicles in female
Sperm production in males
Peptide
LH
Causes ovulation, stimulates estrogen and testosterone secretion
Peptide
TSH
Stimulates release of T3 and T4 in the thyroid
Peptide
Prolactin
Promotes milk production
Peptide
Oxytocin
Milk ejection and uterine contraction
Peptide
ADH
Water absorption by the kidney, increases blood pressure
Peptide
Aldosterone
Reduces Na+ excretion
Increase K+ excretion
Raises Blood Pressure
Steroid
Cortisol
Increases blood levels of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
Steroid
Epinephrine
Stimulates Sympathetic Reaction Also called adrenaline increase cardiac output and to raise glucose levels in the blood Tyrosine derivatives (Catecholamine)
Norepinephrine
Stimulates Sympathetic Actions norepinephrine increases heart rate and blood pumping from the heart. Stress hormone Tyrosine derivatives (Catecholamine)
T3/T4
Increases basal metabolic rate
Tyrosine Derivative
Calcitonin
Lowers blood calcium
Peptide
PTH
Raises blood calcium
Peptide
Insulin
Fed Hormone
Promotes entry of glucose into cells, decreasing glucose blood levels.
Peptide
Glucagon
Increases gluconeogenesis, increasing glucose blood levels
Peptide
Estrogens
Growth of mother sex organs; causes LH surge
Steroid
Progesterone
Prepares and maintains uterus for pregnancy
Steroid
Testosterone
Secondary sex characteristics; closing of epiphyseal plates
Steroid
HCG
Stimulates corpus luteum to grow and release estrogen and progesterone
Peptide
Estrogens (while pregnant)
Growth of mother sex organs, causes LH surge
Steroid
Progesterone (while pregnant)
Prepares and maintains uterus for pregnancy
Steroid