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MCAT Physics Equations MUST MEMORIZE > Biology Endocrine System aka hormones > Flashcards

Biology Endocrine System aka hormones Flashcards

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1
Q

Peptide

A

Protein that can’t diffuse

Bind to receptors on membrane surfaces. Use secondary messengers

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2
Q

Steroids

A

Lipids-non polar

Diffuse through the membrane and act in the nucleus

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3
Q

Tyrosines

A

Both ways

Thyroids diffused into nucleus/ Catecholamines act on receptors at the membrane

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4
Q

Hormones released by the anterior pituitary

A

hGH, ACTH, FSH, LH, TSH, Prolactin

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5
Q

Hormones released by the posterior pituitary

A

Oxytocin, ADH

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6
Q

Hormones released by the Adrenal Cortex

A

Aldosterone, Cortisol

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7
Q

Hormones released by the Adrenal Medulla

A

Epinephrine, Norepinephrine

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8
Q

Hormones released by the Thyroid

A

T3/T4, Calcitonin

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9
Q

Hormones released by the Parathyroid

A

PTH

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10
Q

Hormones released by the Pancreas

A

Insulin, Glucagon

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11
Q

Hormones released by the Ovaries

A

Estrogens, Progesterone

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12
Q

Hormones released by the Testes

A

Testosterone

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13
Q

Hormones released by the Placenta

A

HCG, Estrogens (while pregnant), Progesterone (while pregnant)

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14
Q

hGH

A

Growth of nearly all cells

Peptide

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15
Q

ACTH

A

Stimulates Adrenal Cortex

Peptide

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16
Q

FSH

A

Growth of follicles in female
Sperm production in males
Peptide

17
Q

LH

A

Causes ovulation, stimulates estrogen and testosterone secretion
Peptide

18
Q

TSH

A

Stimulates release of T3 and T4 in the thyroid

Peptide

19
Q

Prolactin

A

Promotes milk production

Peptide

20
Q

Oxytocin

A

Milk ejection and uterine contraction

Peptide

21
Q

ADH

A

Water absorption by the kidney, increases blood pressure

Peptide

22
Q

Aldosterone

A

Reduces Na+ excretion
Increase K+ excretion
Raises Blood Pressure

Steroid

23
Q

Cortisol

A

Increases blood levels of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

Steroid

24
Q

Epinephrine

A 
Stimulates Sympathetic Reaction
Also called adrenaline 
increase cardiac output and to raise glucose levels in the blood
Tyrosine derivatives 
(Catecholamine)
25
Q

Norepinephrine

A 
Stimulates Sympathetic Actions
norepinephrine increases heart rate and blood pumping from the heart.
Stress hormone 
Tyrosine derivatives 
(Catecholamine)
26
Q

T3/T4

A

Increases basal metabolic rate

Tyrosine Derivative

27
Q

Calcitonin

A

Lowers blood calcium

Peptide

28
Q

PTH

A

Raises blood calcium

Peptide

29
Q

Insulin

A

Fed Hormone
Promotes entry of glucose into cells, decreasing glucose blood levels.
Peptide

30
Q

Glucagon

A

Increases gluconeogenesis, increasing glucose blood levels

Peptide

31
Q

Estrogens

A

Growth of mother sex organs; causes LH surge

Steroid

32
Q

Progesterone

A

Prepares and maintains uterus for pregnancy

Steroid

33
Q

Testosterone

A

Secondary sex characteristics; closing of epiphyseal plates

Steroid

34
Q

HCG

A

Stimulates corpus luteum to grow and release estrogen and progesterone
Peptide

35
Q

Estrogens (while pregnant)

A

Growth of mother sex organs, causes LH surge

Steroid

36
Q

Progesterone (while pregnant)

A

Prepares and maintains uterus for pregnancy

Steroid

MCAT Physics Equations MUST MEMORIZE (6 decks)

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