Biology - End Topic Test Flashcards
What are the two main forms of the skeletal system?
Endoskeleton - inside of our bodies (bones)
Exoskeleton - outside of bodies (hard plates)
What is the skeletal system?
It is there for protection and support so your body isn’t just a big blob.
What is the muscular system?
It is the tissues that help your body move.
What are the 3 different muscle types?
Smooth - muscle that you cant consciously control
Cardiac - specific muscle found in your heart
Voluntary - muscle that helps you move
What can any muscle do?
Contract and shorten in length
What are tendons?
They connect your muscles to your bone
What are ligaments?
They are bathes of connective tissues that bind bones to each other.
What is the Circulatory system?
It circulates blood through the body
What are the 3 blood vessels?
Arteries - carry blood from the heart to the cells
Veins - carry blood from the cells to the heart
Capillaries - the thin tubes linking the arteries and the veins
Why do arteries have thick walls?
To allow them to withstand strong pressure of the blood being forced through them by the pumping of the heart.
What is blood made up of?
Plasma and cells
What is plasma?
Mainly water and is pale yellow. It carries oxygen, digested food and carbon dioxide, wastes, hormones, salts and heat.
What are the 3 types of cells?
Red blood cells - carry oxygen to all the cells in the body
White blood cells - protects the body from disease
Platelets - help in the clotting of blood
How does the heart work?
- The Right Atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body
- The RA contracts and forces blood into the right ventricle.
- The RV contracts and deoxygenated blood is forced out into the lungs where it is to gain oxygen
- The oxygenated blood returns to the heart through the left atrium
- The LA forces blood through the left ventricle where it is distributed to the arteries (arteries give blood to cells)
Which side of the heart is thicker and why?
The left side of the heart is thicker because it needs more muscle to push the blood all the way to the arteries. The right side doesn’t need as much power because it is only pushing the blood to the lungs
What is the respiratory system?
It is the system that helps you breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. Also known as the exchange of gases with the environment.
What can animals such as amphibians do that mammals like humans can’t? (respiratory system)
Amphibians can breathe through their skin unlike mammals which breathe through their lungs
What is breathing?
The mechanical movement by which some animals move air in and out of their lungs or they move water over their gill surfaces
What is Respiration or cell respiration?
It is when cells release energy from the chemical bonds of food molecules and provide that energy for the essential processes of life.
What is gas exchange?
The movement of gases from the atmosphere through the breathing surfaces of an organism
What does diffuse mean?
Spread over a wide area
The respiratory surface must be:
Thin - allow gases to diffuse across quickly
Moist - allow gases to dissolve before they diffuse
Have a large surface area - so that a lot of gas can diffuse at the sae time
Close to the blood vessels - transport gases to and from the cells
What is the digestive system?
It is all about the process of getting food into your body, digesting the food, absorbing the nutrients you need and eliminating the materials you don’t need. IT IS THE PROCESS THAT MAKES FOOD SOLUBLE.
Why do we need food?
Food provides us with energy and with the raw materials for growth and repair of tissues
