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Science > Biology - End Topic Test > Flashcards

Biology - End Topic Test Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the two main forms of the skeletal system?

A

Endoskeleton - inside of our bodies (bones)

Exoskeleton - outside of bodies (hard plates)

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2
Q

What is the skeletal system?

A

It is there for protection and support so your body isn’t just a big blob.

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3
Q

What is the muscular system?

A

It is the tissues that help your body move.

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4
Q

What are the 3 different muscle types?

A

Smooth - muscle that you cant consciously control
Cardiac - specific muscle found in your heart
Voluntary - muscle that helps you move

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5
Q

What can any muscle do?

A

Contract and shorten in length

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6
Q

What are tendons?

A

They connect your muscles to your bone

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7
Q

What are ligaments?

A

They are bathes of connective tissues that bind bones to each other.

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8
Q

What is the Circulatory system?

A

It circulates blood through the body

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9
Q

What are the 3 blood vessels?

A

Arteries - carry blood from the heart to the cells
Veins - carry blood from the cells to the heart
Capillaries - the thin tubes linking the arteries and the veins

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10
Q

Why do arteries have thick walls?

A

To allow them to withstand strong pressure of the blood being forced through them by the pumping of the heart.

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11
Q

What is blood made up of?

A

Plasma and cells

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12
Q

What is plasma?

A

Mainly water and is pale yellow. It carries oxygen, digested food and carbon dioxide, wastes, hormones, salts and heat.

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13
Q

What are the 3 types of cells?

A

Red blood cells - carry oxygen to all the cells in the body
White blood cells - protects the body from disease
Platelets - help in the clotting of blood

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14
Q

How does the heart work?

A
  1. The Right Atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body
  2. The RA contracts and forces blood into the right ventricle.
  3. The RV contracts and deoxygenated blood is forced out into the lungs where it is to gain oxygen
  4. The oxygenated blood returns to the heart through the left atrium
  5. The LA forces blood through the left ventricle where it is distributed to the arteries (arteries give blood to cells)
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15
Q

Which side of the heart is thicker and why?

A

The left side of the heart is thicker because it needs more muscle to push the blood all the way to the arteries. The right side doesn’t need as much power because it is only pushing the blood to the lungs

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16
Q

What is the respiratory system?

A

It is the system that helps you breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. Also known as the exchange of gases with the environment.

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17
Q

What can animals such as amphibians do that mammals like humans can’t? (respiratory system)

A

Amphibians can breathe through their skin unlike mammals which breathe through their lungs

18
Q

What is breathing?

A

The mechanical movement by which some animals move air in and out of their lungs or they move water over their gill surfaces

19
Q

What is Respiration or cell respiration?

A

It is when cells release energy from the chemical bonds of food molecules and provide that energy for the essential processes of life.

20
Q

What is gas exchange?

A

The movement of gases from the atmosphere through the breathing surfaces of an organism

21
Q

What does diffuse mean?

A

Spread over a wide area

22
Q

The respiratory surface must be:

A

Thin - allow gases to diffuse across quickly
Moist - allow gases to dissolve before they diffuse
Have a large surface area - so that a lot of gas can diffuse at the sae time
Close to the blood vessels - transport gases to and from the cells

23
Q

What is the digestive system?

A

It is all about the process of getting food into your body, digesting the food, absorbing the nutrients you need and eliminating the materials you don’t need. IT IS THE PROCESS THAT MAKES FOOD SOLUBLE.

24
Q

Why do we need food?

A

Food provides us with energy and with the raw materials for growth and repair of tissues

25
Q

What is mucus?

A

It is a slimy liquid that covers the lining of the canal and protects it from wear and tear.

26
Q

What is the digestive enzymes?

A

They are chemicals which dissolve the food to make it into a solution

27
Q

What are the salivary glands?

A

They produce saliva (digestive juices) which covers the food and makes it into smaller pieces

28
Q

What are peristalsis?

A

They are muscle contraction which help the movement of food throughout the body

29
Q

What is the Excretion system?

A

It is the elimination or expelling waste matter

30
Q

What is Urea?

A

It is similar to waste products, like uric acid, from the breakdown of proteins, contains the element nitrogen. Often called nitrogenous waste products.

31
Q

What happens to hormones produced by the endocrine glands?

A

When the hormones have done their job they are modified in the liver and excreted by the kidney

32
Q

Where do the waste products go and what are they called?

A

They are excreted by the kidney as a watery solution called urine.

33
Q

Excretion is the name given to the removal from the body of:

A
  • the waste products of its chemical reactions
  • the excess water and salts taken in with the diet
  • spent hormones
34
Q

What are the excretory organs?

A

LUNGS - no only do they supply the body with oxygen they are excretory organs because they get rid of carbon dioxide.
KIDNEYS - they remove urea and other nitrogenous wastes from blood; excess water, salts, hormones and drugs

35
Q

How many kidneys are there?

A

There are 2 fairly solids oval structured kidneys. They are red-brown colour.

36
Q

What is the main waste product of cells?

A

Urea which is the breakdown of protein

37
Q

What is the reproductive system?

A

The process where something is copied - a new version of the original is made.

38
Q

What are the 2 types of reproduction?

A

Sexually - where two parents are involved

Asexually - where on one parent is involved

39
Q

What are the 2 hormones that play an important role in the female menstrual cycle?

A
  1. Oestrogen

2. Progesterone

40
Q

What is a villi?

A

It is in the small intestines and makes the surface area larger.

Science (3 decks)

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