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Biology Year 9 > Biology End Of Years Year 9 Collegiate > Flashcards

Biology End Of Years Year 9 Collegiate Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

The nucleus contains genetic instructions (DNA) which controls the cell’s activities

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2
Q

What happens in ribosomes?

A

Protein synthesis, by linking amino acids

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3
Q

What happens in mitochondria?

A

Respiration, to release energy for the cell to use

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4
Q

What is the purpose of cytoplasm?

A

To hold organelles and to be the place where most chemical reactions happen

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5
Q

What would be the substance used to show cheek cells more clearly?

A

Methylene blue

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6
Q

What are the two focus wheels on a microscope called?

A

Coarse (for large adjustments) and fine focus (for minor adjustments)

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7
Q

What is the formula to calculate magnification?

A

eyepiece lens x objective lens

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8
Q

What do chloroplasts contain that make them green?

A

Chlorophyll

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9
Q

What is the purpose of a cellulose cell wall?

A

To strengthen the cell and provide support

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10
Q

What is the purpose of a vacuole?

A

Storing cell sap to keep the cell rigid

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11
Q

What is an object? (in microscope terms)

A

The real specimen that can be seen and touched

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12
Q

What is an image? (in microscope terms)

A

A visual representation of the specimen (object)

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13
Q

What is the definition of magnification?

A

How many times bigger the image is compared to the object

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14
Q

What is the definition of resolution?

A

The ability to see two points that are close together, apart

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15
Q

What is the formula to work out the size of the image?

A

I (mm) = A x M

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16
Q

What does A stand for?

A

Size of actual object (micrometres)

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17
Q

What does M stand for?

A

Magnification

18
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The net movement of water particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, down a water concentration gradient through a selectively permeable membrane until water equilibrium is reached

19
Q

How do you calculate % change?

A

(Change in mass / start mass) x 100

20
Q

What is the definition of hypotonic?

A

More water outside the cell than in the cytoplasm so there is less solute

21
Q

What is the definition of isotonic?

A

As much water outside the cell as in the cytoplasm

22
Q

What is the definition of hypertonic?

A

Less water outside the cell than in the cytoplasm so there is more solute

23
Q

What is the definition of active transport?

A

The movement of molecules against the concentration gradient from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration using energy from cellular respiration and protein carriers in the membrane

24
Q

Why can water move through cell membranes?

A

Because it is so small

25
Q

What 3 things do bacterial cells have that are different to plant cells?

A

Pili, flagella and a slime capsule

26
Q

Why do exchange surfaces feature a large surface area?

A

There is more surface so the rate of movement is faster

27
Q

Why do exchange surfaces feature a thin membrane?

A

So that there is a shorter diffusion distance

28
Q

Why is there always a moving blood supply near exchange surfaces?

A

It keeps a steep concentration gradient

29
Q

Why are exchange membranes moist?

A

It helps gases to diffuse faster

30
Q

What 4 elements do proteins contain?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

31
Q

What is the test for starch?

A

Iodine solution

32
Q

What colour does iodine solution turn if a starch is present?

A

Blue/black

33
Q

What is the test for sugar?

A

Benedict’s

34
Q

What colour does Benedict’s turn if sugar is present?

A

Brick red

35
Q

What is the test for protein?

A

Biuret’s

36
Q

What colour does biuret’s turn if protein is present?

A

Purple

37
Q

What is the test for lipids?

A

Ethanol

38
Q

What colour does the ethanol turn if lipids are present?

A

Milky white

39
Q

What are 4 functions of proteins?

A
  1. Structural e.g. muscle, hair, nails
  2. Biological catalysts - enzymes e.g. salivary amylase
  3. Immune response - antibodies
  4. Chemical messengers - hormones e.g. insulin
40
Q

What happens in the mouth?

A

Teeth break food into smaller chunks, saliva breaks the bonds of some food and the tongue helps to move the food done the oesophagus

Biology Year 9 (1 decks)

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