Biology - End Of Year Flashcards
What is the function of mitochondria?
Where respiration takes place
What is the function of the nucleus?
Controls the cell and contains genetic material
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Barrier around the cell, controls what leaves and enters the cell
What is the function of of cytoplasm?
‘Jelly-like’ substance where chemical reactions (in the cell) take place
What is the function of the cell wall?
Provides support for the cell. Made out of cellulose making it rigid
What is the function of a vacuole?
Keeps the cell firm. Contains watery liquid called cell sap.
What is the function of the chloroplast?
Where photosynthesis happens. Contains green pigment called chlorophyll
What is the function of the ribosomes?
Protein synthesis happens here
Order of measurements
m (metre) cm mm Micro metre nm
To convert up you…
/1000
To convert down you…
X 1000
Definition of diffusion
Movement of particles from an area of high to low concentration, until equal.
Definition of osmosis
Movement of water from an area of high to low concentration across a semi permeable membrane
Function of root hair cell
Helps plants take up the water and mineral ions more efficiently
Function of an Xylem cell
Transport tissue that carries water and mineral ions from roots to leafs
Function of a phloem cell
Carries food made by photosynthesis around the plant
Function of a nerve cell
Carry electrical impulses
Function of a sperm cell
Fertilise with egg
function of a muscle cell
Contract and relax in pairs to move bones
What are the five things in a bacterial (prokaryotic) cell
Cell wall, cell membrane, single DNA loop, flagellum and plasmids
Function of Plasmid
DNA molecule
Function of flagellum
Allows the cell to move (tail)
Function of slime capsule
Protect bacteria cell
Steps of mitosis
DNA is replicating (interphase)
Chromosomes are lining up (interphase)
Chromosomes go to each side, split up (mitosis)
2 identical daughter cells (cytokines)
~differentiate~
A stem cell can replicate itself or differentiate into many cell types
How many chromosomes do we have?
We have 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 in total). In each pair one is inherited from your mum the other from your dad
What are the two types of stem cells?
Embryonic and adult
Active transport is
When some particles are too big and have higher concentration so they can’t diffuse. AT picks up the particle and carries them across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient.
What is hypertonic?
Low concentration of water
What is hypotonic?
High concentration of water
What is isotonic?
The water level is equal
