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SAT Subject Tests > Biology (Ecology) > Flashcards

Biology (Ecology) Flashcards

1
Q

long chains of amino acids

A

proteins

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2
Q

protists are classified by their

A

method of moving, locomotion

i.e. psuedopods, cilia, flagella, nonmotile

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3
Q

sharing characteristics of gymnosperms(cone bearing plants/conifers) and angiosperms(anthophyta/flowering plants)

A

leaves, stems, roots, and seeds

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4
Q

gymnosperms and angiosperms

A

gymno- cone bearing

angio-flowering

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5
Q

which kingdom(s) contain(s) chemotrophs as members?

A

monera

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6
Q

difference between monera and protista

A

monera-unicellular (prokaryotic) mostly bacteria

protista-multicellular (eukaryotic) plants & animals

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7
Q

what are chemotrophs

A

break down inorganic chemical molecules to obtain energy **doesn’t depend on sunlight for energy

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8
Q

first vertebrates to evolve a three chambered heart

A

amphibians

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9
Q

correct order of stages for an insect that undergoes COMPLETE metamorphosis

A

egg –> larva –> pupa –> adult

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10
Q

which process brings carbon into the living portion of its cycle?

A

photosynthesis

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11
Q

bacteria are an important part of most food chains because they serve as

A

decomposers

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12
Q

ground tissue provides all of the following functions in plants except

A

protection of other tissues

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13
Q

populations ____ evolve while individuals ____ evolve

A

do, do not

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14
Q

the color red and the color white are codominant in horses, what would you expect if you crossed a homozygous red horse with a homozygous white horse

A

offspring has both red and white hairs

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15
Q

what photosynthetic products starts cellular respiration?

A

glucose and oxygen

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16
Q

photosynthesis

A

co2 + water —>(light) glucose + oxygen

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17
Q

pholoem will develop into which part of a woody plant?

A

bark

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18
Q

sequences of DNA that are easily and naturally copied from one location in the genome and inserted elsewhere are called

A

jumping genes

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19
Q

a bat wing and a human’s arm are examples of

A

homologous structures

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20
Q

a type of mutation that occurs when a part of a chromatid breaks off and attaches to its sister chromatid resulting in the duplication of a gene on a chromosome is called

A

inserting

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21
Q

advantages of crossing over during meiosis

A

provides a source of genetic variation

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22
Q

small, round bacteria that grow in a chain are called

A

streptococci

  • strep=chain
  • cocci=round
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23
Q

good method for preserving the biodiversity of an ecosystem

A

preserving a few very large areas on an ecosystem

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24
Q

meiosis is the process of making sex cells/gametes, in humans how many mature egg cells result from meiosis

A

1

  • 4 total
  • 3 polar bodies(discarded)
  • 1 viable left
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25
process of evolution where an ancestral species evolves into an array of species that occupy different niches
adaptive radiation
26
factors that a species needs that will likely be best able to survive in rapidly changing environmental conditions
produce many offspring in a short amount of time
27
nonvascular
lacks vascular system (can't transport water and nutrients as efficiently)
28
byrophytes are nonvascular, in what kind of habitat would you find them
constantly moist
29
main factors that determine what kind of biome
temperature and precipitation amount/moisture
30
difference between tundra and taiga
taiga-coniferous trees grow here, snowy | tundra-permafrost, poor vegetation **above taiga, more harsh
31
which biome produces most of our wheat crop
grassland
32
which phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication? - mitosis - G1 phase - S phase
s phase, S=synthesis
33
during which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes uncoil at opposite ends of the cell followed by the formation of the nuclear membrane
telophase
34
during which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes begin condensing and become visible
prophase
35
in nonvascular plants, instead of roots they have
rhizoids (hair like structures)
36
how can nonvascular plants reproduce
- a part breaks off, starting a new plant | - a spore
37
nonvascular plants are byrophytes, some examples are
liverworts, mosses, etc.
38
phloem in vascular plants transport what | xylem transport what
food, water
39
krebs cycle turns pyruvate into
ATP, NADH, and FADH
40
cellular respiration without oxygen
fermentation
41
breaking down of glucose, produces 2 ATP
glycolysis
42
temporal isolation
diverge, different mating seasons
43
hybrid sterility
gametes meet but don't form zygote
44
behavioral isolation
behaviors to attract mates
45
autonomic, uncontrollable, direct stimulus
reflex
46
inborn, "characteristic"
instinct
47
learned behavior that occurs only at a certain, critical time in an animal's life
imprinting
48
form of learned behavior
habituation
49
monocot
parallel veins, flowering plant, 1 single seed leaf
50
dicot
2 branching veins, one main thick root
51
internal need that causes an animal to act and is necessary for learning
motivation
52
failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis
nondisjunction
53
nondisjunction causes
1 extra chromosome in one, 1 missing one in the other
54
crossing over
exchange of genes => genetic variation of parents
55
translocation
mutation in which 2 nonhomologous chromosomes exchange sections of DNA
56
characteristic of fungi that is used to classify them into different phyla
the way they produce spores/shape of spores
57
some mutations are a source of genetic variation, what type of cell is most likely to cause a genetic variation that could lead to evolution
sex cells (during meiosis)
58
nucleotide pairings in DNA
CG, AT
59
nucleotide pairings in RNA
CG, AU
60
what nucleotide base is found in DNA but not RNA
thymine | -uracil is only for RNA
61
bacteria reproduction
binary fission
62
when bacteria get together and exchange genetic information then reproduce
conjugation
63
mendel's law of segregation states that
pairs of alleles separate during meiosis
64
classificiation system set forth by linneaus grouped organisms based on their
similar structures
65
diploid
2n, 46, 2 sets of chromosomes
66
haploid
n, 23, 1 set of chromosomes
67
what type of tissue transports carbs and water through plants
vascular (xylem & phloem)
68
macroevolution
large scale of evolutionary changes over a long period of time
69
microevolution
small changes in a population, but not enough to create a new species
70
adaptive radiation
unfilled niches, microevolution
71
divergent evolution
2 or more species sharing a common ancestor become more different over time
72
speciation
a new species forms from an already existing species
73
homologous structures
similar structures of organisms due to a common ancestor
74
analogous characters
similar function, different structure
75
vestigial structure
structure in an organism that has lost all or most of its original function due to evolution i.e. appendix
76
codon
group of three nucleotide sequences
77
what condition is needed for a virus to attack a host cell
virus must have a particular shape that will match up with the proteins on the surface of the host cell
78
what blood types are recessive and which are dominant
a & b are dominant over o
79
an enzyme is a type of
catalyst; which lowers activation energy
80
correct order of stages for an insect that undergoes incomplete metamorphosis
egg --> nymph --> adult
81
number of trophic levels that are maintained in an ecosystem is limited by
loss of potential energy
82
law of independent assortment applies to
two alleles on different chromosomes
83
cell cycle, beginning with the phase that most cells spend the majority of their time
G1, S, G2, cytokinesis
84
what best describes the driving force that leads to evolution within a species
individuals within a population have variations that give those individuals a better chance of survival
85
density dependent examples
competition, predation, etc.
86
density independent examples
weather, natural disasters, etc.
87
where can you most likely find nitrogen fixing bacteria
in the ground (roots of some plants), has a symbiotic relationship
88
hermaphroditic means
has both male and female sex organs
89
according to the hardy weinberg principle, allele frequencies change when evolutionary forces act on a population; all of these are possible evolutionary forces except
random mating

SAT Subject Tests (1 decks)

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