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SAT Subject Tests > Biology (Ecology) > Flashcards

Biology (Ecology) Flashcards

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1
Q

long chains of amino acids

A

proteins

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2
Q

protists are classified by their

A

method of moving, locomotion

i.e. psuedopods, cilia, flagella, nonmotile

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3
Q

sharing characteristics of gymnosperms(cone bearing plants/conifers) and angiosperms(anthophyta/flowering plants)

A

leaves, stems, roots, and seeds

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4
Q

gymnosperms and angiosperms

A

gymno- cone bearing

angio-flowering

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5
Q

which kingdom(s) contain(s) chemotrophs as members?

A

monera

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6
Q

difference between monera and protista

A

monera-unicellular (prokaryotic) mostly bacteria

protista-multicellular (eukaryotic) plants & animals

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7
Q

what are chemotrophs

A

break down inorganic chemical molecules to obtain energy **doesn’t depend on sunlight for energy

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8
Q

first vertebrates to evolve a three chambered heart

A

amphibians

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9
Q

correct order of stages for an insect that undergoes COMPLETE metamorphosis

A

egg –> larva –> pupa –> adult

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10
Q

which process brings carbon into the living portion of its cycle?

A

photosynthesis

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11
Q

bacteria are an important part of most food chains because they serve as

A

decomposers

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12
Q

ground tissue provides all of the following functions in plants except

A

protection of other tissues

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13
Q

populations ____ evolve while individuals ____ evolve

A

do, do not

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14
Q

the color red and the color white are codominant in horses, what would you expect if you crossed a homozygous red horse with a homozygous white horse

A

offspring has both red and white hairs

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15
Q

what photosynthetic products starts cellular respiration?

A

glucose and oxygen

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16
Q

photosynthesis

A

co2 + water —>(light) glucose + oxygen

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17
Q

pholoem will develop into which part of a woody plant?

A

bark

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18
Q

sequences of DNA that are easily and naturally copied from one location in the genome and inserted elsewhere are called

A

jumping genes

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19
Q

a bat wing and a human’s arm are examples of

A

homologous structures

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20
Q

a type of mutation that occurs when a part of a chromatid breaks off and attaches to its sister chromatid resulting in the duplication of a gene on a chromosome is called

A

inserting

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21
Q

advantages of crossing over during meiosis

A

provides a source of genetic variation

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22
Q

small, round bacteria that grow in a chain are called

A

streptococci

  • strep=chain
  • cocci=round
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23
Q

good method for preserving the biodiversity of an ecosystem

A

preserving a few very large areas on an ecosystem

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24
Q

meiosis is the process of making sex cells/gametes, in humans how many mature egg cells result from meiosis

A

1

  • 4 total
  • 3 polar bodies(discarded)
  • 1 viable left
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25
Q

process of evolution where an ancestral species evolves into an array of species that occupy different niches

A

adaptive radiation

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26
Q

factors that a species needs that will likely be best able to survive in rapidly changing environmental conditions

A

produce many offspring in a short amount of time

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27
Q

nonvascular

A

lacks vascular system (can’t transport water and nutrients as efficiently)

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28
Q

byrophytes are nonvascular, in what kind of habitat would you find them

A

constantly moist

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29
Q

main factors that determine what kind of biome

A

temperature and precipitation amount/moisture

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30
Q

difference between tundra and taiga

A

taiga-coniferous trees grow here, snowy

tundra-permafrost, poor vegetation **above taiga, more harsh

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31
Q

which biome produces most of our wheat crop

A

grassland

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32
Q

which phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication?

  • mitosis
  • G1 phase
  • S phase
A

s phase, S=synthesis

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33
Q

during which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes uncoil at opposite ends of the cell followed by the formation of the nuclear membrane

A

telophase

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34
Q

during which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes begin condensing and become visible

A

prophase

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35
Q

in nonvascular plants, instead of roots they have

A

rhizoids (hair like structures)

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36
Q

how can nonvascular plants reproduce

A
  • a part breaks off, starting a new plant

- a spore

37
Q

nonvascular plants are byrophytes, some examples are

A

liverworts, mosses, etc.

38
Q

phloem in vascular plants transport what

xylem transport what

A

food, water

39
Q

krebs cycle turns pyruvate into

A

ATP, NADH, and FADH

40
Q

cellular respiration without oxygen

A

fermentation

41
Q

breaking down of glucose, produces 2 ATP

A

glycolysis

42
Q

temporal isolation

A

diverge, different mating seasons

43
Q

hybrid sterility

A

gametes meet but don’t form zygote

44
Q

behavioral isolation

A

behaviors to attract mates

45
Q

autonomic, uncontrollable, direct stimulus

A

reflex

46
Q

inborn, “characteristic”

A

instinct

47
Q

learned behavior that occurs only at a certain, critical time in an animal’s life

A

imprinting

48
Q

form of learned behavior

A

habituation

49
Q

monocot

A

parallel veins, flowering plant, 1 single seed leaf

50
Q

dicot

A

2 branching veins, one main thick root

51
Q

internal need that causes an animal to act and is necessary for learning

A

motivation

52
Q

failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis

A

nondisjunction

53
Q

nondisjunction causes

A

1 extra chromosome in one, 1 missing one in the other

54
Q

crossing over

A

exchange of genes => genetic variation of parents

55
Q

translocation

A

mutation in which 2 nonhomologous chromosomes exchange sections of DNA

56
Q

characteristic of fungi that is used to classify them into different phyla

A

the way they produce spores/shape of spores

57
Q

some mutations are a source of genetic variation, what type of cell is most likely to cause a genetic variation that could lead to evolution

A

sex cells (during meiosis)

58
Q

nucleotide pairings in DNA

A

CG, AT

59
Q

nucleotide pairings in RNA

A

CG, AU

60
Q

what nucleotide base is found in DNA but not RNA

A

thymine

-uracil is only for RNA

61
Q

bacteria reproduction

A

binary fission

62
Q

when bacteria get together and exchange genetic information then reproduce

A

conjugation

63
Q

mendel’s law of segregation states that

A

pairs of alleles separate during meiosis

64
Q

classificiation system set forth by linneaus grouped organisms based on their

A

similar structures

65
Q

diploid

A

2n, 46, 2 sets of chromosomes

66
Q

haploid

A

n, 23, 1 set of chromosomes

67
Q

what type of tissue transports carbs and water through plants

A

vascular (xylem & phloem)

68
Q

macroevolution

A

large scale of evolutionary changes over a long period of time

69
Q

microevolution

A

small changes in a population, but not enough to create a new species

70
Q

adaptive radiation

A

unfilled niches, microevolution

71
Q

divergent evolution

A

2 or more species sharing a common ancestor become more different over time

72
Q

speciation

A

a new species forms from an already existing species

73
Q

homologous structures

A

similar structures of organisms due to a common ancestor

74
Q

analogous characters

A

similar function, different structure

75
Q

vestigial structure

A

structure in an organism that has lost all or most of its original function due to evolution i.e. appendix

76
Q

codon

A

group of three nucleotide sequences

77
Q

what condition is needed for a virus to attack a host cell

A

virus must have a particular shape that will match up with the proteins on the surface of the host cell

78
Q

what blood types are recessive and which are dominant

A

a & b are dominant over o

79
Q

an enzyme is a type of

A

catalyst; which lowers activation energy

80
Q

correct order of stages for an insect that undergoes incomplete metamorphosis

A

egg –> nymph –> adult

81
Q

number of trophic levels that are maintained in an ecosystem is limited by

A

loss of potential energy

82
Q

law of independent assortment applies to

A

two alleles on different chromosomes

83
Q

cell cycle, beginning with the phase that most cells spend the majority of their time

A

G1, S, G2, cytokinesis

84
Q

what best describes the driving force that leads to evolution within a species

A

individuals within a population have variations that give those individuals a better chance of survival

85
Q

density dependent examples

A

competition, predation, etc.

86
Q

density independent examples

A

weather, natural disasters, etc.

87
Q

where can you most likely find nitrogen fixing bacteria

A

in the ground (roots of some plants), has a symbiotic relationship

88
Q

hermaphroditic means

A

has both male and female sex organs

89
Q

according to the hardy weinberg principle, allele frequencies change when evolutionary forces act on a population; all of these are possible evolutionary forces except

A

random mating

SAT Subject Tests (1 decks)

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