Biology Definitions Flashcards
Definition of movement
an action by an organism
causing a change of position or place
Definition of respiration
the chemical reactions in
cells that break down nutrient molecules
and release energy
Definition of sensitivity
the ability to detect and
respond to changes in the environment
Definition of growth
a permanent increase in size
Definition of reproduction
the processes that make
more of the same kind of organism
Definition of excretion
removal from organisms of toxic materials and substances in excess of requirements *breathing out CO2 and releasing urine but not POO! Poo is egestion not excretion!
Definition of nutrition
taking in of materials for
energy, growth and development
Definition of species
a group of organisms that
can reproduce to produce fertile offspring
Definition of binomial system
an internationally agreed
system in which the scientific name of an
organism is made up of two parts showing
the genus and species
Name the parts of an animal cell
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Name the parts of a plant cell
Cell wall Cell membrane Nucleus Chloroplast Large vacuole
Definition of tissue
a group of cells with similar
structures, working together to perform a
shared function
Definition of organ
a structure made up of a
group of tissues, working together to perform
specific functions
Definition of organ system
a group of organs
with related functions, working together to
perform body functions
Definition of diffusion
the net movement
of particles from a region of their higher
concentration to a region of their lower
concentration down a concentration gradient,
as a result of their random movement
Definition of active transport
the movement
of particles through a cell membrane from
a region of lower concentration to a region
of higher concentration using energy from
respiration
Definition of osmosis
water diffuses through partially
permeable membranes.
What is the test for starch?
Iodine. It turns from straw yellow to blue/black.
What is the test for protein?
Biuret. It turns from blue to purple.
What is the test for reducing sugar (glucose)?
Benedict’s reagent. It turns from blue to brick red you need to heat it up.
What is the test for fats/ lipids?
Alcohol emulsion test. It turns from clear to cloudy/milky.
What is the test for vitamin C?
DCPIP goes from blue to clear.
Small molecules of glucose can join together to make which big molecules?
Starch (energy for plants)
Cellulose (plant cell walls)
Glycogen (stored in our livers for energy)
What is the definition of a biological catalyst?
a substance that
increases the rate of a chemical reaction and
is not changed by the reaction.
*Enzymes are biological catalysts.
What is the definition of enzymes?
as proteins that function as biological catalyst. Important to know the complementary shape of an enzyme and its substrate (lock and key model) and the formation of a product.
Can you name three enzymes and where they are produced in the body?
Lipase (pancreas)
Protease (Pepsin in stomach and Trypsin in pancreas)
Amylase (breaks down starch in mouth)
What is the word for when an enzyme is damaged by pH or temperature?
Denatured.
What is the definition of photosynthesis?
the process by
which plants manufacture carbohydrates
from raw materials using energy from light.
Name the parts of a leaf. (You may have to label a diagram in the exam)
chloroplasts, cuticle, guard cells and
stomata, upper and lower epidermis, palisade
mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, vascular
bundles, xylem and phloem.
Why do plants need nitrate ions?
They make amino acids used for growth and repair of cells.
Why do plants need magnesium ions?
They use it to make chlorophyll.
name the 3 layers of the kidney?
- Cortex
- medulla
- renal pelvis
* kidney filters the blood.
* it removes urea and excess water and toxins and ions.
name the tube that moves urine out of the kidney?
ureter (1 comes out if each kidney)
name the part of the body that holds urine in till we can go to the toilet?
bladder.
name the tube that urine is excreted from?
urethra
how many nephrons are in each kidney?
1 million
*nephrons are found between the cortex and the medulla in the kidneys.
name the 2 types of vascular bundles and what materials they carry
A* xylem and phloem
B* xylem carries water and ions from the roots to meristem and leaves.
phloem carries glucose down to the roots to be turned in to starch.
test for starch= iodine (straw yellow to blue/black).
test for glucose= benedicts (blue to brick red).need to be heated up.
what diseases do these vitamins and minerals prevent.
- vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
- vitamin D
- calcium
- protein
- iron
- scurvy (red gums teeth to fall out and cuts do not heal).need to eat oranges.
- rickets (bones soft and bend also it stops the body from absorbing calcium).need vitamin D
- soft bones and teeth(milk,cheese and yogurt).
- kwashiorkor (swollen belly). need more protein from meat,chicken and fish.
- iron = anemia (cant make red blood cells) this means not enough oxygen moves around your blood
less respiration = less energy = feel very tired.
