Biology Definitions

Question 1

Definition of movement

Answer 1

an action by an organism

causing a change of position or place

Question 2

Definition of respiration

Answer 2

the chemical reactions in
cells that break down nutrient molecules
and release energy

Question 3

Definition of sensitivity

Answer 3

the ability to detect and

respond to changes in the environment

Question 4

Definition of growth

Answer 4

a permanent increase in size

Question 5

Definition of reproduction

Answer 5

the processes that make

more of the same kind of organism

Question 6

Definition of excretion

Answer 6

removal from organisms of
toxic materials and substances in excess
of requirements
*breathing out CO2 and releasing urine but not POO!
Poo is egestion not excretion!

Question 7

Definition of nutrition

Answer 7

taking in of materials for

energy, growth and development

Question 8

Definition of species

Answer 8

a group of organisms that

can reproduce to produce fertile offspring

Question 9

Definition of binomial system

Answer 9

an internationally agreed
system in which the scientific name of an
organism is made up of two parts showing
the genus and species

Question 10

Name the parts of an animal cell

Answer 10

Cell membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria

Question 11

Name the parts of a plant cell

Answer 11

Cell wall
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Chloroplast
Large vacuole

Question 12

Definition of tissue

Answer 12

a group of cells with similar
structures, working together to perform a
shared function

Question 13

Definition of organ

Answer 13

a structure made up of a
group of tissues, working together to perform
specific functions

Question 14

Definition of organ system

Answer 14

a group of organs
with related functions, working together to
perform body functions

Question 15

Definition of diffusion

Answer 15

the net movement
of particles from a region of their higher
concentration to a region of their lower
concentration down a concentration gradient,
as a result of their random movement

Question 16

Definition of active transport

Answer 16

the movement
of particles through a cell membrane from
a region of lower concentration to a region
of higher concentration using energy from
respiration

Question 17

Definition of osmosis

Answer 17

water diffuses through partially

permeable membranes.

Question 18

What is the test for starch?

Answer 18

Iodine. It turns from straw yellow to blue/black.

Question 19

What is the test for protein?

Answer 19

Biuret. It turns from blue to purple.

Question 20

What is the test for reducing sugar (glucose)?

Answer 20

Benedict’s reagent. It turns from blue to brick red you need to heat it up.

Question 21

What is the test for fats/ lipids?

Answer 21

Alcohol emulsion test. It turns from clear to cloudy/milky.

Question 22

What is the test for vitamin C?

Answer 22

DCPIP goes from blue to clear.

Question 23

Small molecules of glucose can join together to make which big molecules?

Answer 23

Starch (energy for plants)
Cellulose (plant cell walls)
Glycogen (stored in our livers for energy)

Question 24

What is the definition of a biological catalyst?

Answer 24

a substance that
increases the rate of a chemical reaction and
is not changed by the reaction.
*Enzymes are biological catalysts.

Question 25

What is the definition of enzymes?

Answer 25

as proteins that function as
biological catalyst. Important to know the complementary shape of an enzyme and
its substrate (lock and key model) and the formation of a product.

Question 26

Can you name three enzymes and where they are produced in the body?

Answer 26

Lipase (pancreas)
Protease (Pepsin in stomach and Trypsin in pancreas)
Amylase (breaks down starch in mouth)

Question 27

What is the word for when an enzyme is damaged by pH or temperature?

Answer 27

Denatured.

Question 28

What is the definition of photosynthesis?

Answer 28

the process by
which plants manufacture carbohydrates
from raw materials using energy from light.

Question 29

Name the parts of a leaf. (You may have to label a diagram in the exam)

Answer 29

chloroplasts, cuticle, guard cells and
stomata, upper and lower epidermis, palisade
mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, vascular
bundles, xylem and phloem.

Question 30

Why do plants need nitrate ions?

Answer 30

They make amino acids used for growth and repair of cells.

Question 31

Why do plants need magnesium ions?

Answer 31

They use it to make chlorophyll.

Question 32

name the 3 layers of the kidney?

Answer 32

1. Cortex
2. medulla
3. renal pelvis
   * kidney filters the blood.
   * it removes urea and excess water and toxins and ions.

Question 33

name the tube that moves urine out of the kidney?

Answer 33

ureter (1 comes out if each kidney)

Question 34

name the part of the body that holds urine in till we can go to the toilet?

Answer 34

bladder.

Question 35

name the tube that urine is excreted from?

Answer 35

urethra

Question 36

how many nephrons are in each kidney?

Answer 36

1 million

*nephrons are found between the cortex and the medulla in the kidneys.

Question 37

name the 2 types of vascular bundles and what materials they carry

Answer 37

A* xylem and phloem
B* xylem carries water and ions from the roots to meristem and leaves.

phloem carries glucose down to the roots to be turned in to starch.
test for starch= iodine (straw yellow to blue/black).
test for glucose= benedicts (blue to brick red).need to be heated up.

Question 38

what diseases do these vitamins and minerals prevent.

1. vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
2. vitamin D
3. calcium
4. protein
5. iron

Answer 38

1. scurvy (red gums teeth to fall out and cuts do not heal).need to eat oranges.
2. rickets (bones soft and bend also it stops the body from absorbing calcium).need vitamin D
3. soft bones and teeth(milk,cheese and yogurt).
4. kwashiorkor (swollen belly). need more protein from meat,chicken and fish.
5. iron = anemia (cant make red blood cells) this means not enough oxygen moves around your blood

less respiration = less energy = feel very tired.