Biology D and E Final Exam

Question 1

Key characteristics that have appeared during vertebrate

Answer 1

Skull and Backbone
Jaws and Skeleton
Lobed Fins
Amniotic Egg

Question 2

4 Key Characteristics of Phylum Chordata

Answer 2

Notochord
Dorsal, Hollow Nerve Chord
Pharyngeal Slits or clefts
Muscular, Post-Anal tail

Question 3

Derived Characteristics of Craniates

Answer 3

Highly developed internal organs:
Muscular digestive tract
Heart with at least two chambers
Hemoglobin - bearing red blood cells
Kidneys

Endoskeleton made of cartilage or bone:

Question 4

What are the Vertebrate Chordates

Answer 4

Hagfish (Myxini and Petromyzontida)
Lampreys (Petromyzontida)
Jawed fish (Gnathostomes)

Question 5

3 Major Subphyla

Answer 5

Vertebrata
Urochordata
Cephalorchordata

Question 6

4 Broad categories of Tetrapods

Answer 6

Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals

Question 7

Specific Adaptations of Tetrapods

Answer 7

4 Limbs, feet w/ digits
A Neck
(First up and down movement)
(Side to Side movement of head)
Absence of gills
Ears to detect airborne sounds

Question 8

Order of Amphibia and examples of each:

Answer 8

Anura: Frogs and Toads
Urodela: Salamanders
Apoda: Apodans, legless burrowing amphibians

Question 9

Taxonomic Names and examples of each:

Answer 9

Amphibians: Anura, Urodela, Apoda
Amniotes: Reptiles and Birds
Mammals: Humans!

Question 10

FROG METAMORPHISIS

Answer 10

LOOK UP PICTURE

Question 11

Invertebrate Chordates

Answer 11

Lancelets (Cephalochordata)
Tunicates (Urochordata)

Question 12

What makes Amniotes different from Amphibians?

Answer 12

Totally free of marine life
Terrestrially adapted egg protected by Amniotic Membranes

Question 13

4 Specialized membranes:

Answer 13

Yolk Sac - Nutrients
Allantois - Disposal Sac
Chorion - Gas Exchange
Amnion - Protects Embryo

Question 14

Purpose of Shell?

Answer 14

Prevents dedication
Allows complete life on land

Question 15

Birds - CLASS AVES
Adaptation for flight?

Answer 15

-Wings w/ keratin feathers
-Flight Skeleton
(Bones are thin and hollow)
(Kneeled Sternum: Flight muscle attachment)
-4 Chambered Heart
-Endothermic (Diff from reptiles)
-Super efficient respiration
-No urinary bladder
-1 Female ovary, small gonads

Question 16

ENDOTHERMIC VS ECTOTHERMIC
-examples discussed
-implications

Answer 16

Answer this

Question 17

Advantage of flight?

Answer 17

-Escape from predators
-Scavenge for food/hunting
-Feed on flying insects
-Migration: exploit diff food sources

Question 18

Mammals Phylum, Subphylum, and Class

Answer 18

Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Class: Mammalia

Question 19

KNOW MAMMALS FOUND IN TN

Question 20

What is the only marsupial found in TN?

Answer 20

Possum

Question 21

Order Monotremata:

Answer 21

-Duckbilled Platypus
-Spiny Echidna

Question 22

Order Marsupiala:

Answer 22

Opossums, Kangaroos, Koalas

Question 23

Distinguished Characteristic of Monotremata:

Answer 23

Both Lay Eggs

Question 24

Distinguished Characteristics of Marsupiala:

Answer 24

-Embryo develops in a plantecera in mother’s uterus
-Born very early on in its development (ALTRICIAL)
-Completes development while nursing in a maternal pouch (MARSUPIUM)

Question 25

Order Eutherian: (Know examples of each type)

Answer 25

-94% of mammal species
-More complex placenta than marsupials
-Longer gestation
-Precocial young

Question 26

STUDY ALL OF THE MAMMALS CHART (Mammals, Primates, etc)