Biology D and E Final Exam Flashcards
Key characteristics that have appeared during vertebrate
Skull and Backbone
Jaws and Skeleton
Lobed Fins
Amniotic Egg
4 Key Characteristics of Phylum Chordata
Notochord
Dorsal, Hollow Nerve Chord
Pharyngeal Slits or clefts
Muscular, Post-Anal tail
Derived Characteristics of Craniates
Highly developed internal organs:
Muscular digestive tract
Heart with at least two chambers
Hemoglobin - bearing red blood cells
Kidneys
Endoskeleton made of cartilage or bone:
What are the Vertebrate Chordates
Hagfish (Myxini and Petromyzontida)
Lampreys (Petromyzontida)
Jawed fish (Gnathostomes)
3 Major Subphyla
Vertebrata
Urochordata
Cephalorchordata
4 Broad categories of Tetrapods
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals
Specific Adaptations of Tetrapods
4 Limbs, feet w/ digits
A Neck
(First up and down movement)
(Side to Side movement of head)
Absence of gills
Ears to detect airborne sounds
Order of Amphibia and examples of each:
Anura: Frogs and Toads
Urodela: Salamanders
Apoda: Apodans, legless burrowing amphibians
Taxonomic Names and examples of each:
Amphibians: Anura, Urodela, Apoda
Amniotes: Reptiles and Birds
Mammals: Humans!
FROG METAMORPHISIS
LOOK UP PICTURE
Invertebrate Chordates
Lancelets (Cephalochordata)
Tunicates (Urochordata)
What makes Amniotes different from Amphibians?
Totally free of marine life
Terrestrially adapted egg protected by Amniotic Membranes
4 Specialized membranes:
Yolk Sac - Nutrients
Allantois - Disposal Sac
Chorion - Gas Exchange
Amnion - Protects Embryo
Purpose of Shell?
Prevents dedication
Allows complete life on land
Birds - CLASS AVES
Adaptation for flight?
-Wings w/ keratin feathers
-Flight Skeleton
(Bones are thin and hollow)
(Kneeled Sternum: Flight muscle attachment)
-4 Chambered Heart
-Endothermic (Diff from reptiles)
-Super efficient respiration
-No urinary bladder
-1 Female ovary, small gonads
ENDOTHERMIC VS ECTOTHERMIC
-examples discussed
-implications
Answer this
Advantage of flight?
-Escape from predators
-Scavenge for food/hunting
-Feed on flying insects
-Migration: exploit diff food sources
Mammals Phylum, Subphylum, and Class
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Class: Mammalia
KNOW MAMMALS FOUND IN TN
What is the only marsupial found in TN?
Possum
Order Monotremata:
-Duckbilled Platypus
-Spiny Echidna
Order Marsupiala:
Opossums, Kangaroos, Koalas
Distinguished Characteristic of Monotremata:
Both Lay Eggs
Distinguished Characteristics of Marsupiala:
-Embryo develops in a plantecera in mother’s uterus
-Born very early on in its development (ALTRICIAL)
-Completes development while nursing in a maternal pouch (MARSUPIUM)
