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Biology Core Science > Biology Core > Flashcards

Biology Core Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

reproduce rapidly by splitting in half and release toxins which can make you feel unwell. Killed by antibiotics.

A

Bacteria

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2
Q

live and reproduce inside cells. Antibiotics do not kill them.

A

Virus

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3
Q

An animal body’s system of defenses against agents that cause disease.

A

Immune System

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4
Q

molecules released by white blood cells which destroy particular bacteria or viruses.

A

Antibodies

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5
Q

a foreign molecule that can provoke an immune responce

A

Antigen

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6
Q

an injection of dead or weakened pathogens which allows the body to create memory cells and antibodies against the disease.

A

Vaccination

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7
Q

Looks like the drug but does not contain any active chimical of drug; decoy

A

Placebo

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8
Q

Carry blood away from the heart at a high pressure

A

Artery

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9
Q

In animals, a vessel that carries blood toward the heart.

A

Vein

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10
Q

A microscopic blood vessel that consists of a single layer of cells that allows exchange of molecules

A

Capillary

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11
Q

maintain a constant internal environment

A

Homeostasis

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12
Q

group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

A

Species

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13
Q

physical area in which an organism lives

A

Habitat

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14
Q

any alteration that improves an organism’s chances of survival and reproduction

A

Adaptation

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15
Q

model that shows many interconnected food chains and pathways in which energy and matter flow through an ecosystem

A

Food web

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16
Q

Process where plants make carbohydrate using sunlight, energy, CO2, water and chlorophyll.

A

Photosynthesis

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17
Q

micro-organisms, such as bacteria and fungi, which release enzymes onto dead material and cause it to be broken down

A

Decomposers

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18
Q

A consumer that derives its energy and nutrients from nonliving organic material such as corpses, fallen plant material, and the wastes of living organisms; a decomposer.

A

Detritivor

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19
Q

simplest sugar monomer, used in respiration

A

Glucose

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20
Q

Photosynthesis removes CO2 from air, but is added into the air due to cellular respiration, volcanoes also release CO2 as do the burning of fossil fuels

A

Carbon cycle

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21
Q

burning

A

Combustion

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22
Q

is the releasing of energy from food, using energy or without oxygen.

A

Respiration

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23
Q

The decaying of a dead organism

A

Decomposition

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24
Q

natural process by which nitrogen, either from the atmosphere or from decomposed organic material, is converted by soil bacteria to compounds such as nitrates that can be assimilated by plants

A

Nitrogen Cycle

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25
Q

salts containing the nitrate ion (consisting of one nitrogen atom and three oxygen atoms) may be used as fertilisers, sometimes causing pollution of waterways

A

Nitrates

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26
Q

bacteria vital to the nitrogen cycle, which change nitrogen from the air to nitrates in the soil, needed by plants

A

Nitrogen fixing bacteria

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27
Q

bacteria vital to the nitrogen cycle, which change nitrites in the soil into nitrogen

A

Denitrifying bacteria

28
Q

a non-living measure to the quality of an ecosystem, such as water temperature

A

Non-living indicator

29
Q

a species, the presence of which gives a measure of the quality of an environment, some species, such as the mayfly, are sensitive to pollutants and others tollerent

A

Living indicator

30
Q

Some species of floating, aquatic algae that can perform photosynthesis

A

phytoplankton

31
Q

Grows on trees and rocks and can be used as a living indicator for environmental change

A

Lichen

32
Q

Stretch of DNA that codes for a protein

A

Gene

33
Q

Code of bases that forms genetic material

A

DNA

34
Q

Structure of DNA

A

Double helix

35
Q

Tightly coiled DNA found in the nucleus

A

Chromosome

36
Q

Organisms with identical genes

A

Clones

37
Q

Unspecialised cell

A

Stem Cell

38
Q

made of dead bodies of plants or animals and preserved in soil or rock

A

Fossils

39
Q

The process by which species gradually change over time. may produce a new species

A

Evolution

40
Q

Change in the genetic code

A

Mutation

41
Q

to put things in a group according to features

A

Classify

42
Q

the number and variety of living things found in a habitat or ecosystem

A

Biodiversity

43
Q

using resources and the environment to meet the needs of people today without damaging Earth or reducing resources for people in the future

A

Sustainability

44
Q

Contains genetic material, which controls the activities of the cell

A

Nucleus

45
Q

Darwin’s theory that species change over time due to survival of the fittest

A

Natural Selection

46
Q

Different version of a gene

A

Allele

47
Q

An allele that expresses itself even if there is only one copy of it

A

Dominant

48
Q

An allele that needs two copies to be expressed

A

Recessive

49
Q

Have two versions of the same allele

A

Homozygous

50
Q

Having two different versions of the same allele

A

Heterozygous

51
Q

Someone who has the recessive allele for a characteristic or disease but who do not have the characteristic or disease itself

A

Carrier

52
Q

transmission of genetic information from generation to generation

A

Inheritance

53
Q

Reproduction by a single organism producing offspring identical to itself

A

Asexual reproduction

54
Q

unspecialised and can develop into anything

A

Embryonic Stem Cell

55
Q

The information in an individual organism’s genes.

A

Genotype

56
Q

The physical expression of an individuals genes

A

Phenotype

57
Q

A characteristic that is passed down from parent to offspring.

A

Inherited

58
Q

A genetic condition caused by an inherited dominant allele. The symptoms are late onset tremors, memory loss, inability to concentrate and mood changes.

A

Huntington’s Disease

59
Q

A genetic condition caused by an inherited recessive allele. The symptoms are thick mucus, difficulty breathing, chest infections and difficulty digesting food.

A

Cystic Fibrosis

60
Q

Testing a population for a particular allele.

A

Genetic Screening

61
Q

A genetic test that gives a negative result even though the real result is positive

A

False Negative

62
Q

A genetic test that detects the presence of an allele when it is not in fact present.

A

False Positive

63
Q

Making decisions about the right and wrong way to behave.

A

Ethics

64
Q

Using drugs or a surgical procedure to end a pregnancy.

A

Termination

65
Q

a procedure where embryos are genetically tested before they are implanted into the mother during after in-vitro fertilisation in assisted reproductive technology.

A

Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD)

66
Q

An unspecialised cell that can develop into many, but not all, types of cell.

A

Adult Stem Cell

Biology Core Science (1 decks)

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