Biology Chp 3 Flashcards
Why is the nervous tissue important?
to receive stimuli, create impulses, and transmit information back and forth in the body.
Plasma
Protein-rich liquid that carries blood cells along,
What helps heartburn and explain how it works
- TUMS
- Neuatrualizes the acidic stomach acid because of its basic properties to create ease
What are the 2 digestive accessory organs?
- Liver
- Gallbladder
How does chemical digestion happen in the mouth?
Salivary Amylase enzymes in the mouth break up the food.
Describe Veins
Veins:
- Have valves to keep blood flowing the correct way
- carry blood towards the heart
The pathway of blood - explain it
- Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium, goes down the right ventricle, up the pulmonary artery, and out to the left and right lung.
- Gas exchange occurs in the lungs’ alveoli; blood is now oxygenated.
- Oxygen-rich blood comes back in through the pulmonary vein into the left atrium, goes down the left ventricle, up to the pulmonary artery, and finally down again to the body.
White blood cells
Infection and virus-fighting cells. Only blood cell type to have a nucleus.
Ulcers
Stomach getting burned from stomach acid damaging the tissue
Happens because mucus is not secreted enough
Why do we choke on food?
We choke on food when our food goes down our trachea (airway) by accident due to it not being covered. This blocks air to the lungs.
What is each alveolus surrounded by?
Thin blood vessels - Capillaries
Describe how chemical digestion happens in the stomach
HCL acid and enzymes
What is oxygen needed for in our body?
Cellular Respiration
Describe Arteries
Arteries are:
- Thick to withstand blood flow pressure
- Carry blood away from the heart
What is coronary artery disease?
Coronary arteries carry blood to the actual heart muscle tissue and sometimes can get plaque build-up on them.
The nervous tissue forms the ___, ____, and _____.
Brain, spinal cord, nerves
Why does the trachea/windpipe have cartilage rings around it?
Cartilage rings are connective tissue to support the structure and keep it open for air to travel.
What is the main purpose of connective tissue?
To give shape to organs and hold them in place.
What are the 4 kinds of tissues?
- Connective Tissue
- Muscle Tissue
- Nervous Tissue
- Epithelial Tissue
Why do heart attacks happen?
Coronary arteries get completely blocked and the heart muscles stop receiving blood to function.
What organ is found in the cicrcul. system?
Heart
Describe Smooth MUSCLE TISSUE
(*hint where is it, control?)
Smooth muscle tissue is found in the digestive system AND blood vessels and works by involuntary control.
What is the Esophagus?
A muscular tube that links the mouth to the stomach and pushes food down.
What is the main purpose of Epithelial tissue?
to cover organs and protect the organism from other microorganisms, injury, or fluid loss.
EX: SKIN!
What is the peripheral nervous system
Contains all other NERVES that connect to the CNS
Purpose: use senses to sense the environment and send signals to the brain
Inhalation
Ribs move up and out
Diaphragm contracts down
What is the interaction between the heart and body known as?
Systemic Circulation
Red blood cells
Are the most abundant in the body’s blood.
They contain a protein called hemoglobin that is in charge of transporting oxygen to all of the body.
the 2 atria (atriums) are known as the ____ chambers
Receiving
What is Salivary Amylase?
An enzyme in the mouth that chemically breaks down food.
Name the 4 components of blood
- Red blood cells
- White blood cells
- Platelets
- Plasma
Explain the process of gas exchange
The heart transports deoxygenated blood into the lungs which enter the alveoli. The deoxy blood diffuses with the oxygen in the air sacs and becomes oxygenated. The good blood leaves back to the heart and we exhale the diffused CO2.
What is your pharynx also known as?
throat
What part of the resp. system does gas exchange happen in?
The Alveoli
What do tendons do? (connective tissue)
connect muscle to bones
What is the purpose of the circulatory system?
To carry blood, oxygen and nutrients throughout the body
The pathway of air
- Nose/Mouth
- Pharnyx
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Into two bronchi
- Lungs
- To bronchioles
- Which lead to Alveoli, for gas exchange
What do ligaments do (connective tissue)
connect bones to other bones
Describe Capillaries
Capillaries are:
- very thin so diffusion can occur
- Aid in gas and nutrient exchange
What food groups does the mouth break down?
carbohydrates and fats
What happens during heartburn?
Acid from stomach creeps up into the esophagus and creates unease
what process happens in the large intestine?
Water absorption and waste removal
What is the purpose of the Respiratory System?
To breathe in oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide.
Name the three types of muscle tissue:
- Cardiac muscle tissue
- smooth muscle tissue
- skeletal muscle tissue
What is the interaction between the heart and lungs known as?
Pulmonary Circulation
What does blood carry away from cells?
Carbon dioxide and waste
Describe how mechanical digestion happens in the stomach
muscular walls churn to squish and manually break down food.
What is nerve tissue made up of
neurons - nerve cells
Describe SKELETAL MUSCLE TISSUE
(*hint where is it, control?)
Skeletal muscle tissue is attached to bones and allows us to move!
It works by using voluntary control!
Describe how mechanical digestion occurs in the mouth.
Mechanical digestion happens in the mouth when you use chewing to break up the food.
Explain the process of nutrient absorption in the small intestine
Nutrients enter the blood vessels through diffusion and they take it to the bloodstream.
What makes up the Ners. System
The brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.
What three connective tissues make up the Muscu. System
Bones
Ligaments
Cartilage
what does the gallbladder do?
stores the bile made by the liver and removes it when needed.
what does the liver do?
Produces bile to help break down fats
What are nervous tissues made up of?
Nerve cells/neurons
What is another term for Exhalation
Expiration
Platelets
Tiny cells that help with blood clotting to prevent bleeding.
Why do systems interact?
To complete tasks and keep the organism alive in every function
Osteoporosis
Loss in bone mass, bones get brittle, common in old people
What is an accessory organ? (digestive S.)
An organ included in the digestion process, but food does not pass through it.
What are enzymes?
Enzymes are proteins in the body that perform specific functions.
what is your larynx also known as?
the voice box
Exhalation
Ribs move inwards
The diaphragm relaxes and goes up
What is the function of the nervous system?
To receive stimuli, create impulses, and transmit information from the body to the brain.
What do Neurons do
send signals all over the body using their structure and allow for a 2-way information flow
Describe CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE
(*hint where is it, control?)
Cardiac muscle tissue is only found in the heart and it works by involuntary control.
What is the main purpose of muscle tissue?
to produce force and cause motion!
State the main functions of the Musculoskeletal system
- protect organs
- support the body
- movement
What happens in the small intestine?
- Receives food from the stomach and continues to digest it
- nutrient absorption into blood vessels.
What are the chambers of the heart?
Right atrium
Left atrium
right ventricle
left ventricle
About how long is the small intestine?
20 ft
What is another term for inhalation
inspiration
what three things make up the circulatory system?
- Blood
- Heart
- Blood vessels
What is the order of cellular organization?
- Cell
- Tissue
- Organ
- Organ System
- Organism
Describe the term and process of food entering the stomach
The food is pushed down the esophagus due to the smooth muscle tissues contracting. This motion is called peristalsis.
What is the Heart made up of?
Connective tissue, nerve tissue and cardiac muscle tissue
What is the correct order of the digestive tract?
1 Mouth
2. Esophagus
3. Stomach
4. Small intestine
4. Large intestine
5. Rectum/anus
What food groups does the stomach break down?
Proteins and Fats
What are all the types of connective tissue?
Tendons, Ligaments, Bones, Cartilage, and Blood
What is the central nervous system
Made up of the brain and spinal cord
What does blood carry to cells?
Oxygen and nutrients
Where does food enter first to begin digestion>
the mouth
What is the main function of the circulatory system?
carry blood through the body
