Biology Chapter 8 Ecology

Question 1

What is an ecosystem

Answer 1

the interaction between a community of living organisms and non-living features of an environment

Question 2

What is a community

Answer 2

an interacting group of different species living in the same habitat

Question 3

What is a population

Answer 3

all the individuals of one species living in the same habitat

Question 4

What is a Niche

Answer 4

A specific role an organism plays in an ecosystem

Question 5

What is Biodiversity

Answer 5

All kinds of life forms found in an area, variety of animals, plants

Question 6

What is the difference between an abiotic and biotic factor

Answer 6

Abiotic is non-living like temperature, Biotic is living like animals

Question 7

give examples of an abiotic element and a biotic element

Answer 7

Abiotic element example: temperature
Biotic element example: availability of food

Question 8

What is a transect

Answer 8

• a line across a habitat or part of a habitat
• measures the number of organisms of each species along the transect

Question 9

What is a kite diagram

Answer 9

a kite diagram is a chart that shows the number of animals (or percentage cover for plants) against distance along a transect.

Question 10

How to use quadrat

Answer 10

• Use random numbers to generate coordinates within the grid
• then place the quadrat at the coordinates
• then count the number of each species in the quadrat to find an estimate

Question 11

What is classification

Answer 11

the processof grouping living organisms.

Question 12

What is a habitat

Answer 12

Where an animal or plant lives

Question 13

What tool is used to collect organisms

Answer 13

Sweep nets and pitfall traps

Question 14

What is a pyramid of biomass

Answer 14

It shows the mass of the organisms at each trophic level

Question 15

Effiency, energy supplied input and energy used for growth output equation

Answer 15

effiency= energy used for growth(output)/energy supplied (input)

Question 16

what is an adaptation

Answer 16

The ability of living organisms to adjust themselves to their surroundings.

Question 17

Why do penguins huddle up together

Answer 17

• to share body warmth and to conserve energy

Question 18

What is a structural adaptation

Answer 18

physical features of an organism that helps it survive

Question 19

What is a physiological adaptation

Answer 19

processes which allow them to defend against predators or to attack prey

Question 20

what is a behavioural adaptation

Answer 20

behaviours which give them an advantage to survive

Question 21

Exam question: the sand gazelle feeds only at dawn or dusk or stays in the shade, how does it conserve water.

Answer 21

It stays cool in the shade which makes the gazelle less sweaty

Question 22

what is a stable community

Answer 22

a community where all species and environmental factors are balanced so that the population is constant