Biology chapter 8

Question 1

all living things are composed of cells

Answer 1

a part of cell theory

Question 2

cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things

Answer 2

a part of cell theory

Question 3

new cells are produced from existing cells

Answer 3

a part of cell theory

Question 4

what do cells all have in common

Answer 4

surrounded by barrier called cell membrane
all contain dna at some point of their lives

Question 5

-contains nucleus
-larger and more complex
- make up plants
-many organelles

Answer 5

eukaryotic

Question 6

-both contain DNA
-ribosomes
-being alive
-having a cell membrane
-ability to divide and reproduce

Answer 6

eukaryotic and prokaryotic

Question 7

-no nucleus
-smaller and more simple
-first living organism to evolve
-few organelles

Answer 7

prokaryotic

Question 8

separate the cell’s internal environment from it’s surrounding while controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell by allowing certain molecules to pass through while restricting others.

Answer 8

cell membrane

Question 9

provide structural support and protection to cell by maintaining its shape, withstanding mechanical stress, and acting as a barrier against external factors.

Answer 9

cell wall

Question 10

holds the internal components of cells in place and protects them from damage

Answer 10

cytoplasm

Question 11

to store the cell’s genetic material (DNA), acting as the control center by regulating the cell’s activities including growth metabolism, and protein synthesis by managing transcription and replication of DNA within it’s boundaries.

Answer 11

nucleus

Question 12

produce and assemble the cell’s ribosomes

Answer 12

nucleolus

Question 13

separate the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm and provides the structural framework of the nucleus

Answer 13

nuclear envelope

Question 14

synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates, and detoxification of drugs and toxins

Answer 14

smooth er

Question 15

synthesize proteins, particularly those destined for secretion of the cell

Answer 15

rough er

Question 16

protein synthesis/ making proteins

Answer 16

ribosomes

Question 17

helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules, especially proteins destined to be exported from the cell

Answer 17

golgi body

Question 18

“powerhouse of the cell” produce the energy necessary for the cell’s survival and functioning

Answer 18

mitchondria

Question 19

produce energy through photosynthesis and oxygen release processes, which sustain plant growth and crop yield

Answer 19

chloroplast

Question 20

take in waste products and also get rid of waste products

Answer 20

vacuole

Question 21

digestive system of the cell; degrade material taken up from the outside of the cell and to digest obsolete components of the cell itself.

Answer 21

lysosome

Question 22

helps cells maintain their shape and internal organization, and it also provides mechanical support that enables cells to carry out essential functions like division and movement.

Answer 22

cytoskeleton

Question 23

moves microbes and debris up and out of the airways.

Answer 23

cilia

Question 24

long whip-like tail, used for movement

Answer 24

flagella

Question 25

process of particles moving from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.
Once concentration of the solute is the same throughout the cell, it has reached EQUILIBRUM

Answer 25

diffusion

Question 26

example of everyday diffusion

Answer 26

When you spray perfume in a room, and the scent gradually spreads throughout the air, as the perfume molecules move from a high concentration area (the spray) to a lower concentration area (the rest of the room)

Question 27

diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.

Answer 27

osmosis

Question 28

concentrations of 2 solutions are the same

Answer 28

isotonic

Question 29

solution w/ greater concentration of solutes

Answer 29

hypertonic

Question 30

solution w/ lesser concentration

Answer 30

hypotonic

Question 31

process by which molecules are transported across a cell membrane and against a concentration difference (Requires Energy)

Answer 31

active transport