Biology chapter 8 Flashcards
all living things are composed of cells
a part of cell theory
cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things
a part of cell theory
new cells are produced from existing cells
a part of cell theory
what do cells all have in common
surrounded by barrier called cell membrane
all contain dna at some point of their lives
-contains nucleus
-larger and more complex
- make up plants
-many organelles
eukaryotic
-both contain DNA
-ribosomes
-being alive
-having a cell membrane
-ability to divide and reproduce
eukaryotic and prokaryotic
-no nucleus
-smaller and more simple
-first living organism to evolve
-few organelles
prokaryotic
separate the cell’s internal environment from it’s surrounding while controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell by allowing certain molecules to pass through while restricting others.
cell membrane
provide structural support and protection to cell by maintaining its shape, withstanding mechanical stress, and acting as a barrier against external factors.
cell wall
holds the internal components of cells in place and protects them from damage
cytoplasm
to store the cell’s genetic material (DNA), acting as the control center by regulating the cell’s activities including growth metabolism, and protein synthesis by managing transcription and replication of DNA within it’s boundaries.
nucleus
produce and assemble the cell’s ribosomes
nucleolus
separate the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm and provides the structural framework of the nucleus
nuclear envelope
synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates, and detoxification of drugs and toxins
smooth er
synthesize proteins, particularly those destined for secretion of the cell
rough er
protein synthesis/ making proteins
ribosomes
helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules, especially proteins destined to be exported from the cell
golgi body
“powerhouse of the cell” produce the energy necessary for the cell’s survival and functioning
mitchondria
produce energy through photosynthesis and oxygen release processes, which sustain plant growth and crop yield
chloroplast
take in waste products and also get rid of waste products
vacuole
digestive system of the cell; degrade material taken up from the outside of the cell and to digest obsolete components of the cell itself.
lysosome
helps cells maintain their shape and internal organization, and it also provides mechanical support that enables cells to carry out essential functions like division and movement.
cytoskeleton
moves microbes and debris up and out of the airways.
cilia
long whip-like tail, used for movement
flagella
process of particles moving from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.
Once concentration of the solute is the same throughout the cell, it has reached EQUILIBRUM
diffusion
example of everyday diffusion
When you spray perfume in a room, and the scent gradually spreads throughout the air, as the perfume molecules move from a high concentration area (the spray) to a lower concentration area (the rest of the room)
diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
osmosis
concentrations of 2 solutions are the same
isotonic
solution w/ greater concentration of solutes
hypertonic
solution w/ lesser concentration
hypotonic
process by which molecules are transported across a cell membrane and against a concentration difference (Requires Energy)
active transport
