Biology Chapter 5 Study Guide Flashcards
What makes up the cell membrane?
Lipid bilayer meaning 2 layers of phospholipids
Explain the fluid mosaic model
A pool of rubber ducks that are a barrier but can move around. The membrane acts like fluid it is not rigid, but the molecules can float freely.
What does passive transport mean(include the explanation of a concentration gradient) list two types of passive transport
cell does not use energy, they move randomly and spread out from high to low concentration which is concentration gradient. Two types are diffusion and osmosis.
explain diffusion and how we demonstrated that in class
diffusion is random movement until equalibrium is reached. It spreads high to low. Our example is we put dye in a jar of water.
Facilitated diffusion is a passive transport that is aided by a transmembrane protein. Why this is still considered passive transport.
Because it does not use energy and spreads from high to low concentration.
Define active transport
Cell does use energy
Briefly explain what a protein pump is and an important system they can be found in the body.
They are active transport proteins that change shapes to move molecules. Nerve responses are an important system in the body.
What is the difference between exocytosis and endocytosis? Give an example of each one.
Endocytosis is a cell taking in bulky material, like white blood cells eating bacteria. Exocytosis forces material out of a cell in bulk, like wastes released from the cell.
What is osmosis?
The diffusion of water
Is osmosis passive or active transport? How do you know?
Passive. Because it does not use energy and moves from high to low concentration.
What is a hypotonic solution?
Water moving inside the cell
What can happen to a cell in a hypotonic solution?
It can swell and burst, called cytolysis.
What is a hypertonic solution?
Water moves outside the cell.
What can happen to a cell in a hypertonic solution?
It can shrink, which is called plasmolysis.
What is it called when there is a dynamic equilibrium within the cell?
Isotonic
