Biology Chapter 2.2 (Plants)

Question 1

Describe the two transport systems found within a plant.

Answer 1

Xylem-Transports water and mineral ions from the roots to all the parts of the plants

Phloem-Transports dissolved sugars from the leaves to other parts of the plant-this is known as translocation

Question 2

What are vascular bundles

Answer 2

A structure which have both phloem and xylem,sued for transport and support

Question 3

Describe in the detail,the structure of a xylem vessel

Answer 3

.Made from dead xylem cells with no cell walls
.Has thick cellulose wall for support
.Has a tube structure for materials to flow

Question 4

Describe in detail,the structure of a phloem vessel

Answer 4

.Made of living cells
.Cell walls form sieve plates to allow dissolved sugars to pass through

Question 5

Describe how vascular bundles are used in the leaf

Answer 5

.Form a network to supports softer leaf tissue

Question 6

Describe how vascular bundles are used in the stem

Answer 6

.Provide stem with strength to resist bending in the breeze

Question 7

Describe how vascular bundles are used in the root

Answer 7

Found in the centre and is used as an anchor to allow the plant to move without breaking

Question 8

Describe the first section of the transpiration stream

Answer 8

.Water diffuses into the root hairs via osmosis
.The water travels to the centre of the root where the xylem vessels are
.Water is transported to the rest of the plant

Question 9

Describe the 2nd section of the transpiration stream

Answer 9

.Once the water reaches the leaves,water evaporates from open stomata which creates a concentration gradient

Question 10

Describe the concentration gradient of the water vapour in the leaf of the plant

Answer 10

Water vapour is higher inside the leaf than in the surroundings,so it uses diffusion to evaporate out,following the gradient from high to low water vapour concentration.

Question 11

Describe the pressure gradient within the stem of the plant

Answer 11

When water leaves the plant,it creates lower pressure so water moves up the plant as it goes from high to low water pressure,

Question 12

Why do plants wilt

Answer 12

If the plants loses more water than it takes in

Question 13

Formula for rate of transpiration

Answer 13

rate of movement=distance(mm)/time(s)

Question 14

Describe how light intensity affects rate of transpiration

Answer 14

If it light-more stomata will open,thus increasing the rate in which water evaporates from the leaf of the plant until maximum

Question 15

Describe how temperature affects the rate of transpiration

Answer 15

.Increase in temperature= water evaporates more quickly out of the plant
.Diffusion is more rapid

Question 16

Describe how wind affects the rate of transpiration

Answer 16

If the wind is greater,the gradient between water molecules present in the air than in the leaf as there will be less in the air,thus water diffuses more quickly

Question 17

Describe how humidity affects the rate of transpiration

Answer 17

If humidity is lower,the amount of water present decreases,which increase the concentration gradient,thus more water diffuses out more quickly