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Biology: Chapter 2- Chemistry of Living things > Biology: Chapter 2- Chemistry of living things > Flashcards

Biology: Chapter 2- Chemistry of living things Flashcards

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1
Q

negatively charged ions (created from extra electrons)

A

Anion

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2
Q

the study of matter and the changes it experiences.

A

Chemistry

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3
Q

the physical stuff that makes up the universe.

A

Matter

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4
Q

What is matter defined by?

A

anything that occupies space and has mass.

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5
Q

the basic building blocks of matter.

A

atom

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6
Q

What is the basic unit of matter?

A

Atom

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7
Q

What is the smallest possible particle of an element?

A

Atom

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8
Q

What are atoms made up of?

A

Protons, neutrons, and electrons

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9
Q

What are valence electrons?

A

the outermost electrons

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10
Q

atom with an electrical charge.

A

Ion

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11
Q

negatively charged ions (created from extra electrons)

A

anion

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12
Q

positively charged ions (created from the loss of electrons)

A

Cation

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13
Q

pure substances made of only one kind of atom.

A

elements

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14
Q

Carbon, calcium, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, potassium, chlorine, magnesium, sodium, and sulfur are all what type of elements?

A

Essential elements

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15
Q

Iron, copper, zinc, fluorine, and iodine are all what type of elements?

A

Trace elements

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16
Q

the immaterial stuff that gets things done.

A

Energy

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17
Q

What makes up elements?

A

atoms

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18
Q

What are covalent compounds made up of?

A

neutral molecules

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19
Q

What are ionic compounds made up of?

A

Crystals, salts, and formula units

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20
Q

What do we call the tendency of energy to spread out?

A

entropy

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21
Q

List the five types of energy.

A

Thermal energy, acoustic energy, mechanical energy, light energy, and chemical energy.

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22
Q

What is one of the basic laws about the amount of matter and energy in the universe? State this law in your own words.

A

The First law of Thermodynamics. The First law of Thermodynamics states that the amount of matter and energy in the universe never changes.

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23
Q

Your stomach contains hydrochloric acid (HCI). As an acid, what properties does it have?

A

As an acid, the hydrochloric acid will be able to form hydrogen ions, it will be red or pink, it can dissolve or break down things, and will have a pH of 6-1.

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24
Q

What do we call the tendency of matter to spread out? What makes this happen?

A

We call the tendency of matter to spread out diffusion. Diffusion is caused by collisions between particles.

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25
Q

Ocean water has sodium chloride (NaCI), potassium chloride (KCI), calcium chloride (CaCI2) and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) salts in it.

A

dentify the solvent(s) and solute(s) in ocean water. For ocean water, water is the solvent and sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, and magnesium sulfate are the solutes.

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26
Q

What property of water makes it so good at dissolving substances? What else does this property help water do?

A

polarity. The polarity of water also helps it to move nutrients around, interact with other water molecules, and attract other substances besides water.

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27
Q

Describe the number and types of bonds that carbon forms.

A

Carbon forms four bonds. These four types of bonds are itself, single, double, and triple.

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28
Q

True or false. Only living things are made of matter.

A

False

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29
Q

True or false. It is possible for living things to add new energy to the universe, such as when plants make energy.

A

False.

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30
Q

True or false. Chemical changes can often be reversed by more chemical changes.

A

True

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31
Q

True or false. Salts are covalent compounds.

A

False; they are ionic

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32
Q

True or false. Sand floating around in seawater is an example of a solution.

A

False

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33
Q

True or false. Chemical reactions in living things usually happen without any help.

A

False; they happen with the help of activation energy.

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34
Q

True or false. Water has properties important to life that many other liquids lack.

A

True

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35
Q

True or false. Organic compounds are made of only carbon atoms.

A

False; they are made of carbon atoms and other elements.

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36
Q

A measurement of the average speed of the particles within a substance.

A

Temperature`

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37
Q

the tendency of energy to disperse.

A

Entropy`

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38
Q

the amount of matter and energy in the universe never changes.

A

First law of thermodynamics

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39
Q

cannot be created or destroyed.

A

Conservation

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40
Q

do not change a matter’s identity.

A

Physical changes

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41
Q

change a matter’s identity.

A

Chemical changes

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42
Q

Can chemical and physical changes be reversed?

A

Some can be reversed

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43
Q

stored chemical energy that holds two atoms together.

A

Bond

44
Q

a pure substance made of two or more elements chemically combined.

A

Compound

45
Q

What type of elements are ionic compounds made up of?

A

Metal and nonmetal

46
Q

What type of elements are covalent compounds made up of?

A

Non metal and nonmetal

47
Q

What do ionic compounds do with valence electrons?

A

Transfer valence electrons

48
Q

What do covalent compounds do with valence electrons?

A

Share valence electrons

49
Q

What is the smallest part of an ionic compound?

A

Formula unit

50
Q

What is the smallest part of a covalent compound?

A

Molecule

51
Q

What do ionic compounds tend to form?

A

Crystals or salts

52
Q

a uniform mixture (the same from top to bottom)

A

Solution

53
Q

two or more elements/compounds that are mixed together but not chemically bound together.

A

Mixture

54
Q

something that does the dissolving.

A

solvent

55
Q

the substance that is being dissolved.

A

Solute

56
Q

the amount of solute packed into a solvent. The ratio between how much of the liquid you have and of the solute you have.

A

Concentration

57
Q

forms hydrogen ions (H+)

A

Acid

58
Q

forms hydroxide ions (OH-) or other ions that can accept H+.

A

Base

59
Q

What is 6-1 on the pH scale?

A

Acids; they’re red or pink

60
Q

What is 7 on the pH scale?

A

Water; its neutral

61
Q

What is 8-14 on the pH scale?

A

Basic; green or purple

62
Q

What are the two types of reactants?

A

Exothermic and endothermic

63
Q

the energy needed to get a reaction started.

A

Activation energy (Ea)

64
Q

True or false. Exothermic reactions produce heat.

A

True

65
Q

a substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction.

A

Catalyst

66
Q

Example of a catalyst

A

enzyme

67
Q

What is responsible for most vital chemical reaction in living things?

A

Catalysts

68
Q

where the substrate attaches to your enzyme

A

Active site

69
Q

attaches to the active site and causes the reaction

A

Substrate

70
Q

will stop the enzyme from working

A

inhibitor

71
Q

True or false. Water is not a polar molecule.

A

False; it is a polar molecule.

72
Q

the attraction of water molecules for each other.

A

Cohesion

73
Q

the attraction of water molecules for other substances.

A

Adhesion

74
Q

True or false. Of all the elements, carbon is the most significant to life.

A

True

75
Q

molecules that contain carbon covalently bonded to other elements.

A

Organic compounds

76
Q

True or false. Can form long chains and rings.

A

True

77
Q

What are carbohydrates made up of?

A

Made up of carbons, hydrogens, and oxygens.

78
Q

What do sugars typically end in?

A

-ose

79
Q

What do enzymes typically end in?

A

-ase

80
Q

Do carbohydrates give you quick energy?

A

Yes

81
Q

What is most of your cell membrane made up of?

A

Lipids

82
Q

Are lipids polar or nonpolar?

A

Nonpolar

83
Q

True or false. Lipids are used to store energy.

A

True

84
Q

What type of chemical compounds are butter, oils, and cholestorol categorized under?

A

Lipids

85
Q

contain double or triple bonds

A

Unsaturated

86
Q

contain only single bonds.

A

Saturated

87
Q

What is the organic molecule that is necessary for life?

A

Lipids

88
Q

What is the monomer of a protein?

A

amino acids

89
Q

What is the smallest part of a protein?

A

Amino acids

90
Q

What are the three parts of a nucleotide?

A

Base with nitrogen
A sugar
A phosphate group

91
Q

What forms RNA and DNA?

A

Nucleic acid`

92
Q

True or false. Both endothermic and exothermic reactions need energy to get jump started.

A

True

93
Q

the energy of the product is lower than the energy of the reactants because some of the chemical energy stored in the glucose is not stored in the water carbon and carbon dioxide. Instead. it escapes as heat and light.

A

exothermic reactions

94
Q

A chemical change in which the reactants have less energy than the products.

A

Endothermic reaction

95
Q

What are the most obvious sings of a chemical change?

A

The formation of a gas, a change in color, or the release of heat and light.

96
Q

True or false. Particles are in constant random motion.

A

True

97
Q

The attraction of water molecules for each other.

A

Cohesion

98
Q

The process where water’s polarity allows it to attract other substances besides water.

A

Adhesion

99
Q

True or false. Lipids are insoluble to water.

A

True; this is because they are made mostly of carbon and hydrogen.

100
Q

Living things use this carbon compound to store energy.

A

Lipids

101
Q

True or false. Saturated fats only have single bonds.

A

True

102
Q

This carbon compound is a polymer of organic compounds.

A

Protein

103
Q

What are the four groups that Amino acids have a central carbon bonded to?

A

An amine group. a carboxylic acid group, a hydrogen, and an R group.

104
Q

True or false. Nucleic acids are like the blueprints that make us, us.

A

True

105
Q

What do formula units do?

A

They build on each other to form crystals.

Biology: Chapter 2- Chemistry of Living things (1 decks)

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