Biology: Chapter 2- Chemistry of living things

Question 1

negatively charged ions (created from extra electrons)

Answer 1

Anion

Question 2

the study of matter and the changes it experiences.

Answer 2

Chemistry

Question 3

the physical stuff that makes up the universe.

Answer 3

Matter

Question 4

What is matter defined by?

Answer 4

anything that occupies space and has mass.

Question 5

the basic building blocks of matter.

Answer 5

atom

Question 6

What is the basic unit of matter?

Answer 6

Atom

Question 7

What is the smallest possible particle of an element?

Answer 7

Atom

Question 8

What are atoms made up of?

Answer 8

Protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 9

What are valence electrons?

Answer 9

the outermost electrons

Question 10

atom with an electrical charge.

Answer 10

Ion

Question 11

negatively charged ions (created from extra electrons)

Answer 11

anion

Question 12

positively charged ions (created from the loss of electrons)

Answer 12

Cation

Question 13

pure substances made of only one kind of atom.

Answer 13

elements

Question 14

Carbon, calcium, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, potassium, chlorine, magnesium, sodium, and sulfur are all what type of elements?

Answer 14

Essential elements

Question 15

Iron, copper, zinc, fluorine, and iodine are all what type of elements?

Answer 15

Trace elements

Question 16

the immaterial stuff that gets things done.

Answer 16

Energy

Question 17

What makes up elements?

Answer 17

atoms

Question 18

What are covalent compounds made up of?

Answer 18

neutral molecules

Question 19

What are ionic compounds made up of?

Answer 19

Crystals, salts, and formula units

Question 20

What do we call the tendency of energy to spread out?

Answer 20

entropy

Question 21

List the five types of energy.

Answer 21

Thermal energy, acoustic energy, mechanical energy, light energy, and chemical energy.

Question 22

What is one of the basic laws about the amount of matter and energy in the universe? State this law in your own words.

Answer 22

The First law of Thermodynamics. The First law of Thermodynamics states that the amount of matter and energy in the universe never changes.

Question 23

Your stomach contains hydrochloric acid (HCI). As an acid, what properties does it have?

Answer 23

As an acid, the hydrochloric acid will be able to form hydrogen ions, it will be red or pink, it can dissolve or break down things, and will have a pH of 6-1.

Question 24

What do we call the tendency of matter to spread out? What makes this happen?

Answer 24

We call the tendency of matter to spread out diffusion. Diffusion is caused by collisions between particles.

Question 25

Ocean water has sodium chloride (NaCI), potassium chloride (KCI), calcium chloride (CaCI2) and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) salts in it.

Answer 25

dentify the solvent(s) and solute(s) in ocean water. For ocean water, water is the solvent and sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, and magnesium sulfate are the solutes.

Question 26

What property of water makes it so good at dissolving substances? What else does this property help water do?

Answer 26

polarity. The polarity of water also helps it to move nutrients around, interact with other water molecules, and attract other substances besides water.

Question 27

Describe the number and types of bonds that carbon forms.

Answer 27

Carbon forms four bonds. These four types of bonds are itself, single, double, and triple.

Question 28

True or false. Only living things are made of matter.

Answer 28

False

Question 29

True or false. It is possible for living things to add new energy to the universe, such as when plants make energy.

Answer 29

False.

Question 30

True or false. Chemical changes can often be reversed by more chemical changes.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

True or false. Salts are covalent compounds.

Answer 31

False; they are ionic

Question 32

True or false. Sand floating around in seawater is an example of a solution.

Answer 32

False

Question 33

True or false. Chemical reactions in living things usually happen without any help.

Answer 33

False; they happen with the help of activation energy.

Question 34

True or false. Water has properties important to life that many other liquids lack.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

True or false. Organic compounds are made of only carbon atoms.

Answer 35

False; they are made of carbon atoms and other elements.

Question 36

A measurement of the average speed of the particles within a substance.

Answer 36

Temperature`

Question 37

the tendency of energy to disperse.

Answer 37

Entropy`

Question 38

the amount of matter and energy in the universe never changes.

Answer 38

First law of thermodynamics

Question 39

cannot be created or destroyed.

Answer 39

Conservation

Question 40

do not change a matter’s identity.

Answer 40

Physical changes

Question 41

change a matter’s identity.

Answer 41

Chemical changes

Question 42

Can chemical and physical changes be reversed?

Answer 42

Some can be reversed

Question 43

stored chemical energy that holds two atoms together.

Answer 43

Bond

Question 44

a pure substance made of two or more elements chemically combined.

Answer 44

Compound

Question 45

What type of elements are ionic compounds made up of?

Answer 45

Metal and nonmetal

Question 46

What type of elements are covalent compounds made up of?

Answer 46

Non metal and nonmetal

Question 47

What do ionic compounds do with valence electrons?

Answer 47

Transfer valence electrons

Question 48

What do covalent compounds do with valence electrons?

Answer 48

Share valence electrons

Question 49

What is the smallest part of an ionic compound?

Answer 49

Formula unit

Question 50

What is the smallest part of a covalent compound?

Answer 50

Molecule

Question 51

What do ionic compounds tend to form?

Answer 51

Crystals or salts

Question 52

a uniform mixture (the same from top to bottom)

Answer 52

Solution

Question 53

two or more elements/compounds that are mixed together but not chemically bound together.

Answer 53

Mixture

Question 54

something that does the dissolving.

Answer 54

solvent

Question 55

the substance that is being dissolved.

Answer 55

Solute

Question 56

the amount of solute packed into a solvent. The ratio between how much of the liquid you have and of the solute you have.

Answer 56

Concentration

Question 57

forms hydrogen ions (H+)

Answer 57

Acid

Question 58

forms hydroxide ions (OH-) or other ions that can accept H+.

Answer 58

Base

Question 59

What is 6-1 on the pH scale?

Answer 59

Acids; they're red or pink

Question 60

What is 7 on the pH scale?

Answer 60

Water; its neutral

Question 61

What is 8-14 on the pH scale?

Answer 61

Basic; green or purple

Question 62

What are the two types of reactants?

Answer 62

Exothermic and endothermic

Question 63

the energy needed to get a reaction started.

Answer 63

Activation energy (Ea)

Question 64

True or false. Exothermic reactions produce heat.

Answer 64

True

Question 65

a substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction.

Answer 65

Catalyst

Question 66

Example of a catalyst

Answer 66

enzyme

Question 67

What is responsible for most vital chemical reaction in living things?

Answer 67

Catalysts

Question 68

where the substrate attaches to your enzyme

Answer 68

Active site

Question 69

attaches to the active site and causes the reaction

Answer 69

Substrate

Question 70

will stop the enzyme from working

Answer 70

inhibitor

Question 71

True or false. Water is not a polar molecule.

Answer 71

False; it is a polar molecule.

Question 72

the attraction of water molecules for each other.

Answer 72

Cohesion

Question 73

the attraction of water molecules for other substances.

Answer 73

Adhesion

Question 74

True or false. Of all the elements, carbon is the most significant to life.

Answer 74

True

Question 75

molecules that contain carbon covalently bonded to other elements.

Answer 75

Organic compounds

Question 76

True or false. Can form long chains and rings.

Answer 76

True

Question 77

What are carbohydrates made up of?

Answer 77

Made up of carbons, hydrogens, and oxygens.

Question 78

What do sugars typically end in?

Answer 78

-ose

Question 79

What do enzymes typically end in?

Answer 79

-ase

Question 80

Do carbohydrates give you quick energy?

Answer 80

Yes

Question 81

What is most of your cell membrane made up of?

Answer 81

Lipids

Question 82

Are lipids polar or nonpolar?

Answer 82

Nonpolar

Question 83

True or false. Lipids are used to store energy.

Answer 83

True

Question 84

What type of chemical compounds are butter, oils, and cholestorol categorized under?

Answer 84

Lipids

Question 85

contain double or triple bonds

Answer 85

Unsaturated

Question 86

contain only single bonds.

Answer 86

Saturated

Question 87

What is the organic molecule that is necessary for life?

Answer 87

Lipids

Question 88

What is the monomer of a protein?

Answer 88

amino acids

Question 89

What is the smallest part of a protein?

Answer 89

Amino acids

Question 90

What are the three parts of a nucleotide?

Answer 90

Base with nitrogen A sugar A phosphate group

Question 91

What forms RNA and DNA?

Answer 91

Nucleic acid`

Question 92

True or false. Both endothermic and exothermic reactions need energy to get jump started.

Answer 92

True

Question 93

the energy of the product is lower than the energy of the reactants because some of the chemical energy stored in the glucose is not stored in the water carbon and carbon dioxide. Instead. it escapes as heat and light.

Answer 93

exothermic reactions

Question 94

A chemical change in which the reactants have less energy than the products.

Answer 94

Endothermic reaction

Question 95

What are the most obvious sings of a chemical change?

Answer 95

The formation of a gas, a change in color, or the release of heat and light.

Question 96

True or false. Particles are in constant random motion.

Answer 96

True

Question 97

The attraction of water molecules for each other.

Answer 97

Cohesion

Question 98

The process where water's polarity allows it to attract other substances besides water.

Answer 98

Adhesion

Question 99

True or false. Lipids are insoluble to water.

Answer 99

True; this is because they are made mostly of carbon and hydrogen.

Question 100

Living things use this carbon compound to store energy.

Answer 100

Lipids

Question 101

True or false. Saturated fats only have single bonds.

Answer 101

True

Question 102

This carbon compound is a polymer of organic compounds.

Answer 102

Protein

Question 103

What are the four groups that Amino acids have a central carbon bonded to?

Answer 103

An amine group. a carboxylic acid group, a hydrogen, and an R group.

Question 104

True or false. Nucleic acids are like the blueprints that make us, us.

Answer 104

True

Question 105

What do formula units do?

Answer 105

They build on each other to form crystals.