Biology Chapter 2/3 Test Flashcards
Biochemistry
Chemistry of life
Proton
Positively charge/reside in nucleus
Electron
Negatively charged/reside in electron cloud
Neutron
No charge/reside in nucleus
Nucleus charge
Positive
Atomic Number
Tells # of protons in an atom
Atomic Mass
Protons+Neutrons
Proton/Neutron Mass:
1 amu
All elements and compounds:
Have a neutral charge
Isotope
The # neutrons changes
The amount of protons:
Can never change
The mass of 1 proton =
The mass of 1,803 electrons
2 Most common isotopes:
Uranium/Plutonium
3 Hydrogen Isotopes:
Protium - 1P/0N
Deuterium - 1P/1N
Tritium - 1P/2N
Ion
Atom with a charge
Electron # changes
Valence electrons
Outermost electrons/those in the last NRG level
Max # electrons in an NRG level:
2n^2
All elements are:
Neutral
Group 1:
+1 Ionic Charge
1 Bond
1 Valence Electron
Group 2:
+2 Ionic Charge
2 Bonds
2 Valence Electrons
Group 3:
+3 Ionic Charge
3 Bonds
3 Valence Electrons
Group 4:
+4/-4 Ionic Charge
4 Bonds
4 Valence Electrons
Group 5:
-3 Ionic Charge
3 Bonds
5 Valence Electrons
Group 6:
-2 Ionic Charge
2 Bonds
6 Valence Electrons
Group 7:
-1 Ionic Charge
1 Bonds
7 Valence Electrons
Group 8:
0 Ionic Charge
0 Bonds
8 Valence Electrons (Except He)
Compound:
2 or more elements together
Element:
Simplest form of matter
Group 1 called:
Group 2 called:
Group 7 called:
Group 8 called:
No group:
Below the table:
- 1st Row:
- 2nd Row:
Alkali metals (not H)
Alkaline Earth Metals
Halogens
Noble Gases
Transitional Elements
Inner Transitional Elements
Lanthanides
Actinides
Elements to the left of ziz-ag line:
Elements to the right of zig-zag line:
Metals (Not H)
Nonmetals
Metalloids have:
Properties of both metals and nonmetals
Bromine is the only:
Nonmetal liquid at room temp.
Ionic Bond
Transferring of electrons between a metal and a nonmetal
Covalent Bond
Sharing of electrons between 2 nonmetals
Shape of a water molecule
Bent
When H2O freezes:
It expands
Floats in water (less dense)
Volume -> Up
Density -> Down
Why is water polar?
Oxygen is slightly negative
Hydrogen is slightly positive
Hydrogen Bond:
Bond formed between 2 molecules involving Fluorine, Oxygen, or Nitrogen and Hydrogen
(can be broken)
1 Water Molecule makes:
4 Hydrogen Bonds
Cohesion
Attraction between the same substance
(Polar molecules can bond with itself)
Adhesion
Attraction between different substances
(Capillarity (sieve tubes) or meniscus)
O
I
L
R
I
G
Oxidation
Is
Losing
Reduction
Is
Gaining
Atomic Mass is always:
A whole number
(Or an average of Isotopes)
How to find neutron number:
Atomic Mass-Atomic Number
Solids:
Definite shape and volume/FIXED
Liquids:
Indefinite shape and definite volume/FLOWING
Gas:
Indefinite shape and volume/COMPRESSABLE
Reactant
Substance that starts a rxn
Product
Substance that is made in a chemical rxn
Plasma
Ionized gas/4th state of matter
Ion with + charge:
Ion with - charge:
cation
anion
Enzyme:
Protein that acts as a catalyst
Catalyst:
Speeds up a chemical rxn
H2O+CO2=
H2CO3 (Carbonic Acid) which can be carried in the blood
H2O+CO2 rxn takes place in:
H2CO3 rxn takes place in:
Blood
Lungs
Which catalyst speeds up Carbonic Acid rxn?
Carbonic Anhydrase
pH Scale:
14 Numbers
Measures acidic and basic substances
0-7 is acid, 7-14 is base, 7 is neutral
Acids have:
Bases have:
More H+ hydrogen ions that OH- hydroxide ions
More hydroxide ions OH- than hydrogen ions H+
H+ + OH- =
H20 =
H2O
H+ + OH-
Buffer
Neutralizes small amounts of pH
Solute:
Stuff that is dissolved
Solvent:
Stuff that does the dissolving
Solution:
Solute and Solvent together
Electron Configuration:
The most stable arrangement of electrons in an element
NRG Level broken down into:
Sublevels into orbitals
