Biology Chapter 2 Flashcards
neutral. basic unit of matter. contains subatomic particles. SMALL! Atoms have equal number of electrons and protons. Protons and Neutrons bind together to form the nucleus. Electrons orbit around the perimeter.
Atom
(+) Large and positively changed.
Protons
Neutral. Large and no charge
Neutrons
(-) Small and Negatively charged
Electrons
pure substance. consists of ONE type of atom -number of protons in an atom=atomic number on periodic table (Ex: Carbon has 6 protons (6 electrons too) Atomic number is 6
Element
Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. Sum of protons and neutrons= mass number. Isotopes are identified by mass number (Ex: Carbon-12 Carbon-13 Carbon-14)
Isotope
How do you Identify Isotopes?
By the Mass Number
substance formed by the combination of 2+ elements (Ex: H20) Atoms are connected by chemical bonds involving electrons available (Ionic and Covalent Bonds)
Chemical Compound
formed when 1+ electrons are transferred from 1 atom to another
Ionic Bond
Electrons are shared by atoms -2 electrons shared=single bond. 4 electrons shared=double bond 6 electrons shared=triple bond. End result of _______ is a molecule.
Covalent Bond
What is water made up of?
2 Hydrogen 1 oxygen (H2o)
molecule in which the charges are unevenly distributed.
Polarity
attraction between molecules of different substances
Cohesion
Example of Cohesion
Water
attraction between molecules of different substances
Adhesion
Example of Adhesion
Capillary Action
2+ elements that are mixed, but not chemically combined
Mixture
mixture of water and non-dissolved substances
Suspensions
Example of Suspensions
Blood
mixture of 2+ substances in which the substances are evenly distributed
Solutions
Example of Soultions
Salt Water
-Below 7 -Have more H+ ions
Acid
-Above 7 -Have more OH-ions
Base
-7 -Equal number of H+ and OH-ions
Neutral
Whats more acidic (Vinegar or Orange Juice)
Orange Juice
study of all compounds that contain carbon -carbon atoms have 4 valence electrons- carbon atoms can bond to other carbon atoms
Organic Chemistry
small units, are strung together in a process called polymerization to for macromolecules or polymers
Monomers
Building Block of Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
Function of a Carbohydrate?
main source of energy for living things
Examples of Carbohydrates
glucose, fructose, galactose
Building Blocks of Lipids (Fats)
glycerol, fatty acids
Function of Lipids (Fats)
store energy, cushion organs, insulation, and form biological membranes
have NO double bonds between the carbons
Saturated Fats
have at least one double bond. -one bond=monounsaturated -2+ double bonds=polyunsaturated
Unsaturated Fats
Building Blocks of Proteins
Amino Acids
Function of Proteins
enzymes, hormones, storage ,transport, contractile, protective, membrane proteins, structural, toxins
Example of Proteins
Meat
Building Blocks of Nucleic Acids
Nucleotides
Function of Nucleic Acids
store genetic information for all organisms
Example of Nucleic Acids
DNA, RNA
a process that changes a set of chemicals to another -always involve changes in the chemical bonds that join atoms in compounds
Chemical Reaction
elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction
Reactant
element or compound produced by the chemical reaction.
Product
substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction. work by lowering a reactions; activation energy.
Catalyst
proteins that act as biological catalysts in living things. -Provide an active site where reactants can come together and react. -allow chemical reactions to happen quickly within our cells. -________ is just a catalyst, it doesn’t participate in the reaction, and is not used up, it just helps things along.
Enzyme
How are Enzymes like a lock and key?
each enzyme has a specific active site, shaped like a “lock,” that only fits a particular substrate molecule, which acts like a “key
