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Biology Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

neutral. basic unit of matter. contains subatomic particles. SMALL! Atoms have equal number of electrons and protons. Protons and Neutrons bind together to form the nucleus. Electrons orbit around the perimeter.

A

Atom

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2
Q

(+) Large and positively changed.

A

Protons

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3
Q

Neutral. Large and no charge

A

Neutrons

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4
Q

(-) Small and Negatively charged

A

Electrons

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5
Q

pure substance. consists of ONE type of atom -number of protons in an atom=atomic number on periodic table (Ex: Carbon has 6 protons (6 electrons too) Atomic number is 6

A

Element

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6
Q

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. Sum of protons and neutrons= mass number. Isotopes are identified by mass number (Ex: Carbon-12 Carbon-13 Carbon-14)

A

Isotope

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7
Q

How do you Identify Isotopes?

A

By the Mass Number

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8
Q

substance formed by the combination of 2+ elements (Ex: H20) Atoms are connected by chemical bonds involving electrons available (Ionic and Covalent Bonds)

A

Chemical Compound

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9
Q

formed when 1+ electrons are transferred from 1 atom to another

A

Ionic Bond

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10
Q

Electrons are shared by atoms -2 electrons shared=single bond. 4 electrons shared=double bond 6 electrons shared=triple bond. End result of _______ is a molecule.

A

Covalent Bond

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11
Q

What is water made up of?

A

2 Hydrogen 1 oxygen (H2o)

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12
Q

molecule in which the charges are unevenly distributed.

A

Polarity

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13
Q

attraction between molecules of different substances

A

Cohesion

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14
Q

Example of Cohesion

A

Water

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15
Q

attraction between molecules of different substances

A

Adhesion

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16
Q

Example of Adhesion

A

Capillary Action

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17
Q

2+ elements that are mixed, but not chemically combined

A

Mixture

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18
Q

mixture of water and non-dissolved substances

A

Suspensions

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19
Q

Example of Suspensions

A

Blood

20
Q

mixture of 2+ substances in which the substances are evenly distributed

A

Solutions

21
Q

Example of Soultions

A

Salt Water

22
Q

-Below 7 -Have more H+ ions

A

Acid

23
Q

-Above 7 -Have more OH-ions

A

Base

24
Q

-7 -Equal number of H+ and OH-ions

A

Neutral

25
Q

Whats more acidic (Vinegar or Orange Juice)

A

Orange Juice

26
Q

study of all compounds that contain carbon -carbon atoms have 4 valence electrons- carbon atoms can bond to other carbon atoms

A

Organic Chemistry

27
Q

small units, are strung together in a process called polymerization to for macromolecules or polymers

A

Monomers

28
Q

Building Block of Carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides

29
Q

Function of a Carbohydrate?

A

main source of energy for living things

30
Q

Examples of Carbohydrates

A

glucose, fructose, galactose

31
Q

Building Blocks of Lipids (Fats)

A

glycerol, fatty acids

32
Q

Function of Lipids (Fats)

A

store energy, cushion organs, insulation, and form biological membranes

33
Q

have NO double bonds between the carbons

A

Saturated Fats

34
Q

have at least one double bond. -one bond=monounsaturated -2+ double bonds=polyunsaturated

A

Unsaturated Fats

35
Q

Building Blocks of Proteins

A

Amino Acids

36
Q

Function of Proteins

A

enzymes, hormones, storage ,transport, contractile, protective, membrane proteins, structural, toxins

37
Q

Example of Proteins

A

Meat

38
Q

Building Blocks of Nucleic Acids

A

Nucleotides

39
Q

Function of Nucleic Acids

A

store genetic information for all organisms

40
Q

Example of Nucleic Acids

A

DNA, RNA

41
Q

a process that changes a set of chemicals to another -always involve changes in the chemical bonds that join atoms in compounds

A

Chemical Reaction

42
Q

elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction

A

Reactant

43
Q

element or compound produced by the chemical reaction.

A

Product

44
Q

substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction. work by lowering a reactions; activation energy.

A

Catalyst

45
Q

proteins that act as biological catalysts in living things. -Provide an active site where reactants can come together and react. -allow chemical reactions to happen quickly within our cells. -________ is just a catalyst, it doesn’t participate in the reaction, and is not used up, it just helps things along.

A

Enzyme

46
Q

How are Enzymes like a lock and key?

A

each enzyme has a specific active site, shaped like a “lock,” that only fits a particular substrate molecule, which acts like a “key

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