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Semester 2; 2023 > Biology Chapter 12 Vocab. > Flashcards

Biology Chapter 12 Vocab. Flashcards

1
Q

The scientific study of biological inheritance

A

Genetics

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2
Q

Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell

A

Fertilization

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3
Q

Specific characteristic of an individual

A

Trait

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4
Q

Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits

A

Hybrid

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5
Q

Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait

A

Gene

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6
Q

One of different forms of a gene

A

Allele

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7
Q

Mendel’s second conclusion, which states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive

A

Principle of Dominance

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8
Q

Separation of alleles during gamete formation

A

Segregation

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9
Q

Sex cell

A

Gamete

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10
Q

the likelihood that a particular event will occur

A

probability

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11
Q

Having 2 identical alleles for a particular gene

A

Homozygous

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12
Q

Having 2 different alleles for a particular gene

A

Heterozygous

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13
Q

Physical characteristics of an organism

A

Phenotype

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14
Q

Genetic makeup of an organism

A

Genotype

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15
Q

Diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross

A

Punnett Square

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16
Q

One of Mendel’s principles that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes.

A

Independent assortment

17
Q

cases in which one allele is not completely dominant over another

A

Incomplete dominance

18
Q

a situation in which the phenotypes produced by both alleles are clearly expressed

A

Codominance

19
Q

a gene with more than 2 alleles

A

Multiple alleles

20
Q

traits controlled by two or more genes

A

Polygenic trait

21
Q

a cell with two sets of homologous chromosomes

A

Diploid

22
Q

term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set genes

A

Haploid

23
Q

a process in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell

A

Meiosis

24
Q

Structure containing four chromatids that forms during meiosis

A

Tetrad

25
Q

Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis

A

Crossing over

26
Q

in chromosomes, one set comes from the male parent and one set comes from the female parent

A

Homologous

Semester 2; 2023 (2 decks)

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