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Science > Biology chapter 1 > Flashcards

Biology chapter 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name the bones in your face

A

Cranium jaw

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2
Q

Name the bones in your arms

A

Humerus,Radius and ulna

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3
Q

Name the bones in your upper/middle body

A

Clavicle,scapula,Sternam,ribcage and vertebrae

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4
Q

Name the bones in your lower body/legs

A

Pelvis,femur,tibia,fibula

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5
Q

Name the 4 types of joints

A

Fixed
Hinge
Ball and socket
Pivot

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6
Q

Give an example of a hinge joint and how it functions

A

The elbow
Alow bones to flex or extend

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7
Q

Name an example of a fixed joint and how it functions

A

The cranium
Do not allow movement

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8
Q

Give an example of a ball and socket joint and how it functions

A

Shoulder
Allow forwards backwards and circular movements

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9
Q

Name a pivot joint and how it functions

A

Neck
Allows rotation

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10
Q

What are the 4 things in the structure of a joint

A

Bone
Cartilage
Synovial fluid
Ligaments

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11
Q

Name the muscles in you face

A

Jaw

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12
Q

Name the muscles in your mid/upper body

A

Shoulder muscle
Pectoral muscle
Bicep
Triceps
Forearm muscle
Abdominal muscle

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13
Q

Name the muscles in your lower body

A

Quadriceps
Calf muscle

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14
Q

Give the 4 roles of the skeleton

A

Allows movement
Protects organs
Produces cells
Supports the body

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15
Q

Name the 3 types of muscle

A

Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
Skeletal
Muscle

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16
Q

Where is cardiac muscle found in the body

A

In the heart

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17
Q

Where are smooth muscles found in the body

A

In the organs

18
Q

Where are skeletal muscles found in the body

A

Attached to the skeleton

19
Q

What does emg stand for

A

Electromyography

20
Q

What does an emg do

A

Checks if a muscle is working correctly using electrical signals

21
Q

What is osteoporosis and how is it treated

A

It is a condition where the bones become fragile and the density drops, it is treated by taking drugs

22
Q

What are fractures a

A

Fractures are breaks in the bone.
Open/compound fractures are where the skin is broken.

23
Q

How are fractures treated

A

Fractures are often treated by covering the limb with a plaster cast of glass fibre. Open fractures usually require surgery

24
Q

What is arthritis

A

Arthritis is a condition that cause pain and inflammation at the joints in one form Cartilage wears away which causes the bones to rub together

25
Q

How is arthritis treated

A

It is treated by replacing
worn joints with artificial joints

26
Q

What is scoliosis

A

Abnormal sideways curve of the spine

27
Q

What is muscular dystrophy

A

Muscular dystrophy is an inherited condition where muscles weaken .

28
Q

What is tendoitis

A

Is inflammation of the tendons

29
Q

What is strain

A

Tearing of the tendons

30
Q

What is sprain

A

Tearing of a ligament

31
Q

What are the components of the structure of a bone

A

Compact bone
Sponge layer
Marrow

32
Q

What is a fibrous joint

A

A joint that is slightly immovable

33
Q

What is a cartilaginous joint

A

It’s a joint that exhibits a range of mobilities

34
Q

What is a synovial joint

A

A joint that moves freely

35
Q

What are antagonist muscles

A

A pair of muscles that work together to allow movement

36
Q

Name 2 pairs of antagonist muscles

A

Bicep and triceps
Quadriceps and hamstring

37
Q

What happens to the density of your bones as you age

A

It drops

38
Q

What us joint hypermobility syndrome

A

It’s a condition that features joints that easily move beyond the normal range expected for that particular joint

39
Q

What is the skeletal system

A

The skeleton
Ligament
Skeletal muscles
Tendons

40
Q

What is cartilage

A

A flexible connective tissue

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