Biology Ch 1-4 Flashcards
Nucleus
Control center of the cell; contains DNA
Cytoplasm
A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
cell membrane
The lipid bilayer that forms the outer boundary of the cell
nuclear envelope
A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus in the cell
Nucleolus
region where ribosome subunits are assembled
Nucleoplasm
viscous fluid enclosed by the nuclear envelope
vesicles
small membrane sacs that specialize in moving products into, out of, and within a cell
Lysosomes
a vesicle that breaks down cellular debris and waste
Peroxisomes
enzyme filled vesicles that break down fatty acids, amino acids and toxic substances
vacuoles
large, fluid filled vesicles that store or break down waste, debris, toxins or food
Endoplasmic Reticulum
system of sacs and tubes extending from the nuclear envelope
smooth ER
makes phospholipids, stores calcium
rough ER
ribosomes that make proteins
Golgi body
modifies proteins, adds finishing touches and their sorted into new vesicles
Mitochondria
Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production
Plastids
double-membraned organelles that function in photosynthesis, storage, or pigmentation in plant and algal cells
Chloroplast
An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs
Microtubules
dynamic scaffolding for many cellular processes
Microfilaments
Long, thin fibers that function in the movement and support of the cell
intermediate filaments
strengthen the cell and help maintain its shape; stabilize the position of organelles
cilia
The hairlike projections on the outside of cells that move in a wavelike manner
flagella
whiplike tails found in one-celled organisms to aid in movement
pseudopods
temporary protrusion that can move a cell or engulf prey
