Biology CFA

Question 1

Transcription

Answer 1

When the DNA stand splits up and starts to make another double stand helix by connecting the RNA based pair together

Question 2

Translation

Answer 2

Which the ribosomes take a set of tRNA and matches the codons with the mRNA set which then releases each amino acid that makes a chain and forms the protein.

Question 3

How to read a codon chart

Answer 3

First look on the outside of the box to the left and you will find your first letter. Then you need to look to the top of the chart and find the second letter. Last look on the right to find the third letter of your codon.

Question 4

Genetic Disorders using Karyotypes

Answer 4

If a karyotype has more or less than 46 total chromosomes then there will be a genetic disorder.

Question 5

Determining Sex by using Karyotype

Answer 5

The way you can determine the sex is by if it is a female then you will only see the x chromosomes. If it is a male then you will see x & y chromosomes.

Question 6

Gene

Answer 6

The function or factor of the DNA. (Ex. Eyes)

Question 7

Allele

Answer 7

The specific variation or train (Ex. Blue Brown, Hazel)

Question 8

Dominant

Answer 8

Where the gene automatically over rules the recessive gene. (Ex. EE)

Question 9

Recessive

Answer 9

When the gene only shows if both traits are the smaller less common traits. (Ex. ee)

Question 10

Homozygous

Answer 10

When both copies of the allele are exactly the same (Ex. ss)

Question 11

Heterozygous

Answer 11

When both copied of the allele are different but still from the same gene. (Ex. Ss)

Question 12

Genotype

Answer 12

The genotype is the specific amount of genes that might be carried.

Question 13

Phenotype

Answer 13

The actual trait that is shown

Question 14

Punnett Squares

Answer 14

The first step will be that you first need to look at the genotype which is the letters of the situation. Then you need to figure out if it is heterozygous or homozygous. Heterozygous will be like Bb. Homozygous would be something like BB. Then you need to make your box and separate it into 4 different parts. Look at your two genotypes and put them on the upper side and the left side of the box. After that you fill in the box. You need to first look at the top then look at the left. After this you find out your probability of the trait. Automatically if there is an uppercase letter in each box then the dominate trait will win.

Question 15

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 15

Because there is no dominating gene then both the traits mix their recessive traits together and make an entirely new trait.

Question 16

Codominance

Answer 16

When two alleles are both dominate making both traits kind of overlap each other and both expressing out.

Question 17

ENDOSYMBIONT THEORY

Answer 17

That Mitochondria and chloroplasts used to be their own cells until they were eaten up and grouped together. They were a prokaryotic cell

Question 18

Fossil Records

Answer 18

This tells us how different fossils look alike and which animals had bones. It also tells us about that specific organism and how it changed overtime

Question 19

DNA Sequencing

Answer 19

This tells us how dna and protein sequencing can show us if we had a common ancestor and how long ago we split from each other.

Question 20

Biogeography

Answer 20

This helps prove evolution by telling us how different animals adapt to different environments and tells us how close different animals adapt.

Question 21

Embryology

Answer 21

This shows us examples on what embryos look alike and which ones grow the same pattern. This also tells us if the species has a common ancestor.

Question 22

Homologous Structures

Answer 22

Animals that have the same features and bones but have totally different structures.

Question 23

Natural Selection

Answer 23

When there is a species that evolves over time but a mutation happens. This is a variation. The mutation may or may not be beneficial to the environment causing half the species to die and the other to stay alive based off of if the mutation was helpful or not.

Question 24

Some Survive/Some Dies

Answer 24

Depending on the mutation and the environment of the species, the mutation may have been helpful for the species. For example, if you have a bunny that is white but they live in the dessert, but then a mutation happens to where brown bunnies are made, the brown bunnies will survive longer than the white bunnies will because of the brown sand. They will be able to blend in.

Question 25

Genetic Drift

Answer 25

The change in frequency of an existing gene variant in the population due to random chance.

Question 26

Speciation

Answer 26

When there is a group of species that separates from the larger group and moves somewhere else and develops to newer characteristics.

Question 27

Reproductive Isolation

Answer 27

Behavioral(they don’t mate the same way), Temporal(They mate at different times), Habit(They don’t live near each other and now have different habits)

Question 28

Mutation

Answer 28

When a new trait happens without making a new species