Biology Cells

Question 1

Plasma Membrane

Answer 1

Made of Lipids/Proteins

Surface of animal cell and inside a plants cell wall

Regulates movement of substances and has receptor cells that can respond to chemicals like hormones

Question 2

Cell Wall (plants)

Answer 2

Make of cellulose

Rigid structure that surrounds plant cells

Supports plant cells

Question 3

Nucleus

Answer 3

Chromatin made of DNA/Proteins

Surrounded by nuclear envelope which contains pores
Contains chromatin
Contains a structure called nucleolus

Controls cell activity
DNA contains instructions to make proteins
Pores allow substances to move between cytoplasm and nucleus
Nucleolus makes ribosomes

Question 4

Lysosomes

Answer 4

Round organelle

Contains digestive enzymes
Used to digest worn out parts of the cell and invading cells

Question 4

Ribosomes

Answer 4

Made up of protein and RNA

small organelle found in cytoplasm and on the RER

Site where protein is made

Question 5

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

Answer 5

System of membranes covered with ribosomes

Folds and processes proteins

Question 6

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

Answer 6

System of membranes with no ribosomes

Synthesises and processes lipids

Question 7

Vesicle

Answer 7

Found in Golgi apparatus

Processes and packages new proteins and lipids

Makes lysosomes

Question 8

Mitochondrion

Answer 8

Oval shaped
Double membrane(envolope)
Inner membrane folds to form structures called cristae.
Inside is the matrix which contains enzymes involved in respiration.

Site of aerobic respiration
Where ATP (a place where chemical energy is stored)

Very active and requires lots of energy.

Contains mitochondrial dna (mt)DNA

Question 9

Chloroplasts

Answer 9

Small, flat structures found in plant cells.
Double membrane
Inside membrane is called the thylakoid membrane
Thylakoid membrane stacked to form grana.

Site of photosynthesis

Question 10

Centriole

Answer 10

Made of Microtubules

Small hollow cylinders found in all animal cells and some plant cells

Involved in the separation of chromosomes during cell division

Question 11

Cilia

Answer 11

Small hair like structures found on the surface membrane of some animal cells

ring of 9 microtubules on outside of inner membrane and 2 more in the middle

Allows the cilia to move.
Movement used by the cell to move substances from one cell to another.

Question 12

Cytoskeleton

Answer 12

Microfillaments
Microtubules
Intermediate fibres

Question 13

Microfillaments

Answer 13

Formed by actin

Responsible for cell movemnt and cell contraction during cytokenesis

Question 14

Microtubles

Answer 14

Globular tubulin proteins polymerise to form a scaffold-like structure that determines the shape of the cell

Act as tracks for the movement of organelles.

Spindle fibres are composed of microtubles

Question 15

Intermediate fibres

Answer 15

give mechanical strengh to the cell and help maintain its integrity.

Question 16

Cell wall(procaryotes)

Answer 16

Made out of peptidoglycan

Complex polymer formed from amino acid and sugar

Maintains ridgidity