biology cell ultrastructure Flashcards
Description, function, explanation of the Golgi apparatus
Description-The Golgi apparatus is a membrane bound organelle that is composed of flattened sacks called cisternae
Function-The primary function of the Golgi apparatus is to process, and package synthesized proteins produced from the Rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Explanation- The Golgi apparatus receives newly synthesized proteins via the transport vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum and packages them into membrane bound vesicles ready for cell secretion (the movement of material within a cellular body).
Description, function, explanation of cell membranes
Description-: Cell membrane are mainly composed of phospholipids, Cholesterol, Proteins and Carbohydrates. The primary component of the cellular membrane is phospholipids which are arranged in a mosaic formation to from the phospholipids bilayer the backbone of the cell
Function-The primary function of the cell membrane is the regulation of the transport of molecules in and out of the cell.
Explanation-The cell membrane is selectively permeable allowing important substances such as water to obtained in the cell through osmosis (a form of diffusion) whilst unneeded waste produces are prevented from entering.
Description, function, explanation of Cell wall
Description-The cell wall in plant cells is mainly composed of polymer carbohydrates such as cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin.
Function-The primary function cell wall is to protect and provide structural support for the cell.
The cell wall has a secondary function of preventing cell over expansion.
Explanation-The complex framework of the cell wall makes it strong and robust, allowing it to complete its primary function of safeguarding the cell, the complex framework also helps the cell provide its secondary function.
Explanation-
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Description , function, explanation microfilaments
Description-Microfilaments our tiny rods that are comprised of actin filaments. They are the thinnest filaments of the cytoskeleton and 7 nanometres in diameter.
Function-. The primary function of Microfilaments is to aid with cell movement. Microfilaments
Description, function, explanation of Endoplasmic Reticulum
Description-: Endoplasmic reticulum is a membrane system that surrounds the nuclear envelope horizontally. The endoplasmic reticulum structure is composed of sack like feature called cisternae
Smooth endoplasmic Reticulum has no ribosomes present on the surface.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum has many ribosomes present on its surface.
Function-The primary function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum is the production of proteins, steroids and lipids and acts as transport system for newly produced ribosomes to get to the Golgi apparatus.
Explanation-. Protein synthesis occurs in the rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (image the Endoplasmic Reticulum as the work space of the cell) the more Endoplasmic reticulum present in the cell greater production of proteins. For example, the Pancreas has a greater number of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum because of its need to produce insulin and glucagon (both vital proteins used in homeostasis).
Description , function, explanation of ribosomes
Description-: Ribosomes are structurally composed of special proteins called Ribosomal RNA (rRNA). There are two components that make up the ribosome the small subunit and the large subunit
Function-The primary function of eukaryotic ribosomes is to make proteins for the cell.
Explanation-During translation phase the components of the ribosome the large subunit and the small subunit sandwich the mRNA to enable the ribosome to from a polypeptide of amino acids.
Description, function, explanation
Description-: Eukaryotic Flagella are long rod like structures that are anchored to the cell body by the basal body. The main bulk substance of a flagella is a filament called axoneme
Function- . The primary function of the flagellum is that it provides locomotion for the cell (cell movement). The flagellum does this by moving in a corkscrew motion propelling the cell forward, think of it like a motor powering a speed boat.Furthermore, the flagella has a secondary function of being a sensory organelle for the cell
