Biology Cell

Question 1

Storage area of the cell

Answer 1

Vacuole

Question 2

Captures energy from sunlight and produces food for the cell

Answer 2

Chloroplast

Question 3

Rigid layer that surrounds the plant cell

Answer 3

Cell Wall

Question 4

Clear fluids between the cell membrane and organelles

Answer 4

Cytoplasm

Question 5

Outside boundary that separates cell from its environment.

Answer 5

Cell Membrane

Question 6

Directs all the Cell’s activities

Answer 6

Nucleus

Question 7

Produces energy by breaking down sugar to ATP

Answer 7

Mitochondria

Question 8

Structures that carry out specific functions

Answer 8

Organelle

Question 9

Breaks down food particles.

Answer 9

Lysosome

Question 10

Receives and distributes protein to other parts of the cell

Answer 10

Golgi Body/Apparatus

Question 11

Produces Protein

Answer 11

Ribosomes

Question 12

Cell with a nucleus that contains organelles including chloroplast and a cell wall (rectangular or cube shaped).

Answer 12

Eukaryotic Cell

Question 13

Cell with a nucleus that contains organelles and comes in various sizes (Irregular shapes).

Answer 13

Eukaryotic (Animal) Cell

Question 14

Maze of passageways that carry protein and other materials.

Answer 14

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 15

Independent Variable
Dependent Variable
Control Variable

Answer 15

What is an Independent Variable? WHAT I CHANGE IN AN EXPERIMENT
What is a Dependent Variable? WHAT CHANGES IN AN EXPERIMENT
What is a Control Variable? STAYS THE SAME IN AN EXPERIMENT

Question 16

3 parts of the cell theory

Answer 16

All living things are made up of cells.
Cells are the most basic unit of life.
All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

Question 17

What is an enzyme

Answer 17

An enzyme is like a tiny biological helper that speeds up chemical reactions in your body without being used up.

Question 18

Enzymes are catalysts, what does this mean?

Answer 18

Enzymes being catalysts means they speed up chemical reactions without getting consumed in the process. They’re like a shortcut

Question 19

What type of reproduction is mitosis?
What type of cells are produced after mitosis? What type of cells are these typically?
How many chromosomes are there in the human body?

Answer 19

What type of reproduction is mitosis?
Asexual

What type of cells are produced after mitosis? What type of cells are these typically?
Identical Diploid cells

How many chromosomes are there in the human body?
46

Question 20

What binds the nitrogen bases together?

What 2 materials is the backbone made of?

Describe in detail how DNA goes through Transcription and Translation.

Answer 20

What binds the nitrogen bases together?
Hydrogen bonds

What 2 materials is the backbone made of?
Sugar molecules and phosphate

Describe in detail how DNA goes through Transcription and Translation.
Transcription is copying the recipe (DNA to mRNA), and Translation is cooking the dish (mRNA to protein) based on that copied recipe. It’s like a culinary adventure happening inside our cells!

Question 21

What does DNA stand for?

Is DNA Double or Single stranded? What is this usually referred to as?

What are the 4 Nitrogen bases in DNA? (Pair them correctly)

Answer 21

What does DNA stand for?
deoxyribonucleic acid.

Is DNA Double or Single stranded? What is this usually referred to as?
DNA is double helix

What are the 4 Nitrogen bases in DNA? (Pair them correctly)
adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).

Question 22

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
What type of reproduction is meiosis?
What type of cells are produced after meiosis? What type of cells are these typically?
What is crossing over in Meiosis?

Answer 22

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis is a type of cell division for somatic cells and for the asexual reproduction of unicellular eukaryotic cells. Meiosis is the type of cell division for the production of gametes in sexual reproduction.
Describe the process of meiosis
Meiosis is a process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information.

What type of reproduction is meiosis?
Sexual

What type of cells are produced after meiosis? What type of cells are these typically?
gametes – eggs and sperm

What is crossing over in Meiosis?
the exchange of DNA between paired homologous chromosomes (one from each parent) that occurs during the development of egg and sperm cells

Question 23

Diffusion vs Osmosis

Answer 23

Diffusion is molecules moving from a high concentration to a low concentration
Osmosis is process by which the molecules of a solvent pass from a solution of low concentration to a solution of high concentration through a semi-permeable membrane.