Biology Cell Flashcards
Storage area of the cell
Vacuole
Captures energy from sunlight and produces food for the cell
Chloroplast
Rigid layer that surrounds the plant cell
Cell Wall
Clear fluids between the cell membrane and organelles
Cytoplasm
Outside boundary that separates cell from its environment.
Cell Membrane
Directs all the Cell’s activities
Nucleus
Produces energy by breaking down sugar to ATP
Mitochondria
Structures that carry out specific functions
Organelle
Breaks down food particles.
Lysosome
Receives and distributes protein to other parts of the cell
Golgi Body/Apparatus
Produces Protein
Ribosomes
Cell with a nucleus that contains organelles including chloroplast and a cell wall (rectangular or cube shaped).
Eukaryotic Cell
Cell with a nucleus that contains organelles and comes in various sizes (Irregular shapes).
Eukaryotic (Animal) Cell
Maze of passageways that carry protein and other materials.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Independent Variable
Dependent Variable
Control Variable
What is an Independent Variable? WHAT I CHANGE IN AN EXPERIMENT
What is a Dependent Variable? WHAT CHANGES IN AN EXPERIMENT
What is a Control Variable? STAYS THE SAME IN AN EXPERIMENT
3 parts of the cell theory
All living things are made up of cells.
Cells are the most basic unit of life.
All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.
What is an enzyme
An enzyme is like a tiny biological helper that speeds up chemical reactions in your body without being used up.
Enzymes are catalysts, what does this mean?
Enzymes being catalysts means they speed up chemical reactions without getting consumed in the process. They’re like a shortcut
What type of reproduction is mitosis?
What type of cells are produced after mitosis? What type of cells are these typically?
How many chromosomes are there in the human body?
What type of reproduction is mitosis?
Asexual
What type of cells are produced after mitosis? What type of cells are these typically?
Identical Diploid cells
How many chromosomes are there in the human body?
46
What binds the nitrogen bases together?
What 2 materials is the backbone made of?
Describe in detail how DNA goes through Transcription and Translation.
What binds the nitrogen bases together?
Hydrogen bonds
What 2 materials is the backbone made of?
Sugar molecules and phosphate
Describe in detail how DNA goes through Transcription and Translation.
Transcription is copying the recipe (DNA to mRNA), and Translation is cooking the dish (mRNA to protein) based on that copied recipe. It’s like a culinary adventure happening inside our cells!
What does DNA stand for?
Is DNA Double or Single stranded? What is this usually referred to as?
What are the 4 Nitrogen bases in DNA? (Pair them correctly)
What does DNA stand for?
deoxyribonucleic acid.
Is DNA Double or Single stranded? What is this usually referred to as?
DNA is double helix
What are the 4 Nitrogen bases in DNA? (Pair them correctly)
adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
What type of reproduction is meiosis?
What type of cells are produced after meiosis? What type of cells are these typically?
What is crossing over in Meiosis?
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis is a type of cell division for somatic cells and for the asexual reproduction of unicellular eukaryotic cells. Meiosis is the type of cell division for the production of gametes in sexual reproduction.
Describe the process of meiosis
Meiosis is a process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information.
What type of reproduction is meiosis?
Sexual
What type of cells are produced after meiosis? What type of cells are these typically?
gametes – eggs and sperm
What is crossing over in Meiosis?
the exchange of DNA between paired homologous chromosomes (one from each parent) that occurs during the development of egg and sperm cells
Diffusion vs Osmosis
Diffusion is molecules moving from a high concentration to a low concentration
Osmosis is process by which the molecules of a solvent pass from a solution of low concentration to a solution of high concentration through a semi-permeable membrane.
