Biology - C2 (organelles and cells)

Question 1

Atom

Answer 1

The smallest indivisible unit of matter

Question 2

Element

Answer 2

Consists of 2 or more atom of the same type

An element is define by the number of protons

Question 3

Isotope

Answer 3

Different versions of an element, each version contains different number of neutron

Question 4

Mass number

Answer 4

Number of proton + neutron

Question 5

Atomic number

Answer 5

Controls which element it is (the number of protons)

Question 6

Chemical bond

Answer 6

A force of attraction between two or more same atom

Question 7

Covalent bond

Answer 7

• Exist between non-metal atom

- Share electrons to fulfil their need for a full set of electrons in their outermost orbital.

Question 8

Hydrogen bond

Answer 8

Chemical attraction that exists between adjacent polar molecules.

Question 9

Ionic bond

Answer 9

When an atom loses or gains 1 or several electrons to another.

Question 10

Cohesion

Answer 10

Describes the forces of attraction between molecules within a substance

Question 11

Adhesion

Answer 11

An attraction between different substances

Question 12

Solution

Answer 12

A mixture of two or two or more substances if even distribution

Question 13

Lipid

Answer 13

Non polar molecules; insoluble in water

Question 14

Carbohydrate

Answer 14

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (1:2:1)

Question 15

Organic substances

Answer 15

Are made up primarily of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids

Question 16

Fat

Answer 16

• Store a lot of energy, due to the strong bonds that exist between carbon and hydrogen
• Made of a glycerol backbone and fatty acids.

Question 17

Glycerol

Answer 17

A 3-carbon organic molecule backbone

Question 18

Saturated fat

Answer 18

Has all single bonds between the Carbon atoms in the fatty acid.

Question 19

Unsaturated fat

Answer 19

Has some double bonds between the Carbon atoms in the fatty acid.

Question 20

Protein

Answer 20

A large, globular molecule formed by linked smaller molecules called amino acids

Question 21

DNA

Answer 21

Holds the genetic/hereditary information.

Question 22

RNA

Answer 22

Production of proteins.

Question 23

ATP

Answer 23

A molecule that stored energy.

Question 24

Nucleus

Answer 24

• Des: Surrounded by a double membrane which are called nuclear envelope or nuclear membrane.
• Func: Carry DNA which contains genetic information, assembly ribosome subunit

Question 25

Cytoplasm

Answer 25

• Des: A clear, jelly-like fluid that fills the cell

- Func: Holding on the cell’s internal component in place

Question 26

Cytoskeleton

Answer 26

• Des: Composed by an intricate network of protein fibre

- Func: Provide the animal cell its interior framework

Question 27

Cell membrane

Answer 27

• Des: Fluidic container

- Func: Decide substances that enter and leave the cell

Question 28

Cell wall

Answer 28

• Des: Cell wall is the membrane layer that surround the cell and is made of cellulose
• Func: Protection, structural support

Question 29

Ribosome

Answer 29

• Des: Floating around the cell

- Func: Creat protein

Question 30

Mitochondria

Answer 30

• Des: Has 2 membrane. The outer membrane is smooth, the inner membrane is folded
• Func: Harvests energy from organic compounds to make ATP, main energy source

Question 31

Chloroplast

Answer 31

• Des: Occurs in leaves

- Func: Make ATP using sunlight and glucose for plant

Question 32

Vacuole

Answer 32

• Des: Storage bubbles found in cells.

- Func: store food or any variety of nutrients and waste

Question 33

Vesicle

Answer 33

• Des:

- Func:

Question 34

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 34

• Des:

- Func: Protein, lipid,… synthesizer

Question 35

Golgi apparatus

Answer 35

• Des:

- Func: Modify, sort, package macromolecule to use to synthesize the cell