Biology - C2 (organelles and cells) Flashcards
Atom
The smallest indivisible unit of matter
Element
Consists of 2 or more atom of the same type
An element is define by the number of protons
Isotope
Different versions of an element, each version contains different number of neutron
Mass number
Number of proton + neutron
Atomic number
Controls which element it is (the number of protons)
Chemical bond
A force of attraction between two or more same atom
Covalent bond
- Exist between non-metal atom
- Share electrons to fulfil their need for a full set of electrons in their outermost orbital.
Hydrogen bond
Chemical attraction that exists between adjacent polar molecules.
Ionic bond
When an atom loses or gains 1 or several electrons to another.
Cohesion
Describes the forces of attraction between molecules within a substance
Adhesion
An attraction between different substances
Solution
A mixture of two or two or more substances if even distribution
Lipid
Non polar molecules; insoluble in water
Carbohydrate
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (1:2:1)
Organic substances
Are made up primarily of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
Fat
- Store a lot of energy, due to the strong bonds that exist between carbon and hydrogen
- Made of a glycerol backbone and fatty acids.
Glycerol
A 3-carbon organic molecule backbone
Saturated fat
Has all single bonds between the Carbon atoms in the fatty acid.
Unsaturated fat
Has some double bonds between the Carbon atoms in the fatty acid.
Protein
A large, globular molecule formed by linked smaller molecules called amino acids
DNA
Holds the genetic/hereditary information.
RNA
Production of proteins.
ATP
A molecule that stored energy.
Nucleus
- Des: Surrounded by a double membrane which are called nuclear envelope or nuclear membrane.
- Func: Carry DNA which contains genetic information, assembly ribosome subunit
