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Biology Benchmarck > Biology Benchmark day 1 > Flashcards

Biology Benchmark day 1 Flashcards

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0
Q

What’s the differents between a virus and a cell?

A

Virus infects other cells to reproduce and cells genetically reproduce a copy of itself

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1
Q

What is the function of “specialized cells”?

A

Uniquely suited to perform a particular function

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2
Q

What’s the function of a cell membrane?

A

Provides structure and support

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3
Q

What is osmosis

A

The diffusion on water through a selectively permeable membrane

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4
Q

What is isotonic?

A

Same strength

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5
Q

What is hypertonic?

A

Gets skinnier

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6
Q

What is hypotonic?

A

Cell gets fatter

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7
Q

What is transcript?

A

RNA polymerase binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands

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8
Q

What’s is translation?

A

The cell used info from messenger RNA to produce proteins

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9
Q

What are the 4 macromolecules, Their function and structure, and their monomers

A
  • carbohydrates-source of energy, sugar molecules/starch
  • lipids-stores energy, fatty acid
  • nucleic acids-store + transmit genetic info, sugar deoxyribose
  • proteins-contains nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, amino acids
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10
Q

Explain why synthesis of macromolecules from their monomers

A

When the monomers join their called polymers when monomers bond to make macromolecules water is released

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11
Q

Give an example of what could happen if there is a disruption in the cell cycle

A

Cancer

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12
Q

What I meiosis and what is the result of meiosis

A

The process of reproduction division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through sepera

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13
Q

List the 3 parts of a nucleotide

A
  • nitrogen base
  • 5-carbon sugars
  • phosphate group
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14
Q

What makes your DNA the same as all other organisms and what makes he different

A

All organisms have the same 4 nitrogenous bases ATGC. Your sequence of these bases make you unique

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15
Q

Describe mutations and their possible outcomes

A

Mutations are changes in genetic material. Mistake in DNA sequence or chromosome

16
Q

How are mutations passed on to offspring

A

Mutations that occur in gametes

17
Q

What is the law of independent assortment and give an example

A

Genes that separates independently. Seed color and shape do not Influence each other inheritance

18
Q

What is both codominance and give an example

A

Both alleles contribute to the phenotype

Ex:certain verities of chicken

19
Q

If dominant parents produce recessive offspring what can be said about the genotype a of the parents

A

They were heterotrophs

20
Q

Define homeostasis

A

Process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal enviornment

21
Q

Describe photosynthesis

A

Uses the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into high energy sugars and oxygen

22
Q

What is cellular respiration

A

Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose

23
Q

What’s the role of enzymes with the following terms: pH concentration denatured

A

Enzymes speed up chemicals reactions that take place in cells

24
Q

What is the 10% rule in energy pyramids

A

Only about 10% of energy available within one trophic level is transferred to the next

25
Q

Distinguish between abiotic and biotic factors

A
  • biotic factors are living things such as bacteria

* abiotic factors are non living things such as a can

26
Q

Explain how invasive species-both plants and animals-can alter an ecosystem

A

With Interactions and competition

27
Q

Describe succession including pioneer species and climax community

A

Succession is how an ecosystem changes pioneer species are the first species to populate

28
Q

What would happen is predators are removed from an ecosystem

A

The the animal’s that the predators consumed population would increase

29
Q

Give an example of how plants and animals are adopted to the following examples.

  • tundra
  • desert
A
  • tundra-they stand harsh conditions

* desert-they tolerate the extreme conditions

30
Q

What is the role of decomposes In an ecosystem

A

Breaks down organic matter

31
Q

Explain how trees AND a lack of trees affect the carbon cycle

A

Trees take in the carbon dioxide and use it to build carbohydrates, makes it into oxygen

32
Q

What organisms change nitrogen gas to nitrates in the nitrogen cycle AND why does this have to occur?

A

Bacteria and for the nitrogen cycle

33
Q

List and describe the following types of symbiosis

  • commensalism
  • mutualism
  • parasitism
A
  • commensalism- one member benefits other don’t care, not harmed
  • mutualism-both benefit
  • parasitism-one benefits whole other is harmed

Biology Benchmarck (2 decks)

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