Biology Benchmark day 1

Question 0

What’s the differents between a virus and a cell?

Answer 0

Virus infects other cells to reproduce and cells genetically reproduce a copy of itself

Question 1

What is the function of “specialized cells”?

Answer 1

Uniquely suited to perform a particular function

Question 2

What’s the function of a cell membrane?

Answer 2

Provides structure and support

Question 3

What is osmosis

Answer 3

The diffusion on water through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 4

What is isotonic?

Answer 4

Same strength

Question 5

What is hypertonic?

Answer 5

Gets skinnier

Question 6

What is hypotonic?

Answer 6

Cell gets fatter

Question 7

What is transcript?

Answer 7

RNA polymerase binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands

Question 8

What’s is translation?

Answer 8

The cell used info from messenger RNA to produce proteins

Question 9

What are the 4 macromolecules, Their function and structure, and their monomers

Answer 9

• carbohydrates-source of energy, sugar molecules/starch
• lipids-stores energy, fatty acid
• nucleic acids-store + transmit genetic info, sugar deoxyribose
• proteins-contains nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, amino acids

Question 10

Explain why synthesis of macromolecules from their monomers

Answer 10

When the monomers join their called polymers when monomers bond to make macromolecules water is released

Question 11

Give an example of what could happen if there is a disruption in the cell cycle

Answer 11

Cancer

Question 12

What I meiosis and what is the result of meiosis

Answer 12

The process of reproduction division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through sepera

Question 13

List the 3 parts of a nucleotide

Answer 13

• nitrogen base
• 5-carbon sugars
• phosphate group

Question 14

What makes your DNA the same as all other organisms and what makes he different

Answer 14

All organisms have the same 4 nitrogenous bases ATGC. Your sequence of these bases make you unique

Question 15

Describe mutations and their possible outcomes

Answer 15

Mutations are changes in genetic material. Mistake in DNA sequence or chromosome

Question 16

How are mutations passed on to offspring

Answer 16

Mutations that occur in gametes

Question 17

What is the law of independent assortment and give an example

Answer 17

Genes that separates independently. Seed color and shape do not Influence each other inheritance

Question 18

What is both codominance and give an example

Answer 18

Both alleles contribute to the phenotype

Ex:certain verities of chicken

Question 19

If dominant parents produce recessive offspring what can be said about the genotype a of the parents

Answer 19

They were heterotrophs

Question 20

Define homeostasis

Answer 20

Process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal enviornment

Question 21

Describe photosynthesis

Answer 21

Uses the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into high energy sugars and oxygen

Question 22

What is cellular respiration

Answer 22

Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose

Question 23

What’s the role of enzymes with the following terms: pH concentration denatured

Answer 23

Enzymes speed up chemicals reactions that take place in cells

Question 24

What is the 10% rule in energy pyramids

Answer 24

Only about 10% of energy available within one trophic level is transferred to the next

Question 25

Distinguish between abiotic and biotic factors

Answer 25

* biotic factors are living things such as bacteria | * abiotic factors are non living things such as a can

Question 26

Explain how invasive species-both plants and animals-can alter an ecosystem

Answer 26

With Interactions and competition

Question 27

Describe succession including pioneer species and climax community

Answer 27

Succession is how an ecosystem changes pioneer species are the first species to populate

Question 28

What would happen is predators are removed from an ecosystem

Answer 28

The the animal's that the predators consumed population would increase

Question 29

Give an example of how plants and animals are adopted to the following examples. - tundra - desert

Answer 29

* tundra-they stand harsh conditions | * desert-they tolerate the extreme conditions

Question 30

What is the role of decomposes In an ecosystem

Answer 30

Breaks down organic matter

Question 31

Explain how trees AND a lack of trees affect the carbon cycle

Answer 31

Trees take in the carbon dioxide and use it to build carbohydrates, makes it into oxygen

Question 32

What organisms change nitrogen gas to nitrates in the nitrogen cycle AND why does this have to occur?

Answer 32

Bacteria and for the nitrogen cycle

Question 33

List and describe the following types of symbiosis - commensalism - mutualism - parasitism

Answer 33

* commensalism- one member benefits other don't care, not harmed * mutualism-both benefit * parasitism-one benefits whole other is harmed