Biology B9 animal physiology

Question 1

The process of cellular respiration

Answer 1

Respiration is a chemical reaction which occurs in cells to release energy; It is catalysed by enzymes

Question 2

Aerobic respiration

Answer 2

In eukaryotic cells (including plants and animals), aerobic respiration occurs inside mitochondria

In prokaryotes (bacteria), aerobic respiration occurs in the cytoplasm.

Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy (ATP)

Question 3

Anaerobic respiration in animals

Answer 3

takes place in the cell cytoplasm.

Glucose → Lactic acid + Energy (ATP)

Question 4

Respiration and exercise

Answer 4

During exercise the breathing rate will increase and the heart will start to beat faster, allowing more oxygen and glucose to reach the muscle cells. This allows more aerobic respiration to take place and more carbon dioxide can be removed from the muscle cells.

Question 5

oxygen debt

Answer 5

Extra oxygen taken in during this period is used to replenish the oxygen debt required to remove any toxic lactic acid from the body.

Question 6

What is the nervous system?

Answer 6

The nervous system uses a system of nerves that connect to the organs and tissues.

These link to the central nervous system which co-ordinates the inputs from the other nerves.

A neurone is one of the cells of the nervous system. Nerves are made of bundles of the axons of neurones.

Question 7

What is a neurone?

Answer 7

A nerve cell is called a neurone. These transmit electrical impulses.

3 types

Question 8

The structure of the respiratory system

Answer 8

air pathway:
nose and mouth – larynx (voice box) – trachea – bronchi — bronchioles – alveoli

Question 10

Air entering the body

Answer 10

Contains more oxygen
Contains less carbon dioxide
Contains less water vapour
Contains pollen, dust and other particles, like viruses