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Triple Science 21st Century > Biology B7 > Flashcards

Biology B7 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Provides movement at joints and maintains posture

A

Muscle

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2
Q

A framework of bone and cartilage supporting the body

A

Skeleton

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3
Q

Smooth, protective surface, covering the end of the bone, providing easy movement

A

Cartilage

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4
Q

Tough band of inelastic tissue, attaching muscle to bone

A

Tendon

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5
Q

Bands of tough elastic tissue holding bones togethe

A

Ligament

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6
Q

Lubricates and nourishes the tissue in the joint capsule

A

Synovial Fluid

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7
Q

This tissue lines the joint capsule and secretes synovial fluid

A

Synovial Membrane

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8
Q

Muscles that work opposite eachother

A

Antagonistic pair

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9
Q

RICE Treatment

A

Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation

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10
Q

One circuit links the heart and lungs. The other circuit links the heart with the rest of the body

A

Double Circulatory System

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11
Q

Carry oxygen and haemoglobin. Biconcave structure, large surface area, no nucleus

A

Red Blood Cells

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12
Q

Engulf bacteria and prevent infection

A

White Blood Cells

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13
Q

Important in blood clotting

A

Platelets

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14
Q

Liquid that carries the blood components

A

Plasma

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15
Q

Prevents back-flow of blood

A

Valve

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16
Q

Carries blood away from the heart at a high pressure. Thick muscular wall

A

Artery

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17
Q

Joins arteries and veins. Wall is only one-cell thick to allow gas exchange

A

Capillary

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18
Q

Carries blood back to the heart. Blood is under less pressure, so thinner wall. Contains valves to stop back flow

A

Vein

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19
Q

Blood that is rich in carbon dioxide rather than oxygen on the way back to the heart

A

Deoxygenated blood

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20
Q

Blood that is rich in oxygen; pumped out of the right ventricle, towards the lungs

A

Oxygenated blood

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21
Q

Main vein from body, to heart

A

Vena Cava

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22
Q

Each of the two main chambers of the heart, left and right

A

Ventricle

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23
Q

Main artery to the body

A

Aorta

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24
Q

Artery to the lungs

A

Pulmonary Artery

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25
Q

Veins from the lungs

A

Pulmonary Vein

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26
Q

Blood plasma is squeezed out of the capillary, and forms this. Allows cells in tissue to exchange substances in capillaries

A

Tissue Fluid

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27
Q

How substances move between tissue fluid and cells

A

Diffusion

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28
Q

Substances moving from tissue fluid into cells

A

Oxygen and Glucose

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29
Q

Substances moving from cells into tissue fluid

A

carbon dioxide and urea

30
Q

Keeping a constant internal environment, by rebalancing and monitoring

A

Homeostasis

31
Q

Mechanism enabling the body to keep a constant balance through homeostasis. If a variable rises the body counteracts to lower it

A

Negative feedback

32
Q

Core Temp. above 40 degrees C, causing enzymes to become denatured

A

Hyperthermia

33
Q

Core Temp below 32 degrees C.

A

Hypothermia

34
Q

Blood vessels at the surface of the skin dilate, causing you to get cooler by taking blood closer to the surface

A

Vasodilation

35
Q

Blood vessels constrict, causing the core temp. to increase by keeping blood away from the surface

A

Vasoconstriction

36
Q

This region of the brain detects temperature change, by monitoring temp. of blood running through the brain

A

Hypothalamus

37
Q

A way that the body keeps warm

A

Shivering

38
Q

A way that the body cools down

A

Sweating

39
Q

This gland controls blood sugar levels

A

Pancreas

40
Q

A hormone produced in the pancreas

A

Insulin

41
Q

Pancreas releases insulin. The liver turns glucose into glycogen which is stored

A

High Glucose levels

42
Q

Pancreas releases glucagon. The liver turns glycogen into glucose, which is released into the blood

A

Low glucose levels

43
Q

Pancreas doesn’t produce any insulin. Early onset. Must take insulin injections

A

Type I diabetes

44
Q

Caused by genetics, or obesity. Late onset. Must keep healthy lifestyle

A

Type II diabetes

45
Q

These foods release sugar over time. Digested slowly

A

Complex carbohydrates

46
Q

Meeting the needs of people today, without damaging resources for the future

A

Sustainable

47
Q

‘Take make dump’ - Taking natural resources, making products, dumping waste

A

Linear System

48
Q

A system that makes no waste; output from one part is the input of another

A

Closed Loop System

49
Q

Anything that was living and is now dead

A

Dead Organic Matter

50
Q

Organisms that feed on dead organisms and waste. e.g. earthworm

A

Detritivore

51
Q

This reduces soil erosion; protects soil from direct rainfall, roots bind soil together

A

Vegetation

52
Q

The different ways living systems provide for human needs

A

Ecosystem Services

53
Q

When higher and higher concentrations of toxic chemicals/contaminants move up the foodchain

A

Bioaccumulation

54
Q

Non-organic fertilisers wash off into rivers; Algal bloom occurs and aquatic plants/animals die

A

Eurtrophication

55
Q

Break down slowly, plants can absorb them, they don’t get washed away by rain

A

Organic Fertlizers

56
Q

Mixture of hydrocarbons that takes millions of years to form from the decay of dead organisms

A

Crude Oil

57
Q

Restocking/Replanting and use of quotas

A

Sustainable farming

58
Q

Made from crops; a fuel derived directly from living matter

A

Biofuel

59
Q

A forest that has never been cut down

A

Primary Forest

60
Q

This leads to soil erosion, mud slides, and silt in rivers and to increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere

A

Deforestation

61
Q

Rapid reproduction, plasmids, simple biochemistry, no ethical concerns

A

Bacteria

62
Q

Industrial tank where micro-organisms are grown

A

Fermenter

63
Q

This is needed to carry the gene into the cell. Bacterial plasmids are used as this

A

Vector

64
Q

A gene from one organism is transferred to another and continues to work

A

Genetic modification

65
Q

A gene from one organism is transferred to another and continues to work

A

DNA Profiling

66
Q

Involves small structures, the same size as some molecules

A

Nanotechnology

67
Q

Nanotechnology can be used in this industry to detect contaminants and increase shelf life

A

Food Industry

68
Q

Applied in tissue and organ culture; can treat spinal tissue and leukaemia

A

Stem Cells

69
Q

Replacing faulty heart valves

A

Biomedical engineering

70
Q

An artificial device for stimulating and regulating the heart muscle

A

Pacemaker

71
Q

Enzyme that breaks down protein, found in calf stomach. Fungi genetically modified to make this

A

Chymosin

Triple Science 21st Century (2 decks)

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