Biology B6 Flashcards
Genes
What is a gene
A small section of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific sequence of amino acids to make a specific protein
Genome
The entire genetic material of an organism.
HPG
Human gene project
Genotype
The genetic make up
Phenotype
Characteristics
Dominant allel
Allel that always expresses e.g EE
Recesive allele
Allele that doesn’t present e.g ee
Homozygous
The two alleles are the same
Heterozygous
The two alleles are different e.g Ee
Asexual reproduction
Involves only one parent and there is no fusion of gametes
Sexual reproduction
Involves two parent cells and the fusion of sex cells
Gamete
Sex cells: sperm and egg cells
Haploid
23 chromosomes
Diploid
All 46 chromosomes
Crossing over
Transform genetics
Gregor Mendel
He looked at pea plants to explain how characteristics are passed through genetics
Selective breeding
The process by which has breed plants and animals for particular genetic characteristics
Problems with selective breeding
Can cause health problems, certain traits may be exaggerated
Reduces genetic diversity/ reduces gene pool
More susceptible to diseases
Potentially useful alleles for the future are lost
Carl linneus
Organisms are given 2 Latin names
They are universal across countries and languages
Carl woese
The three domains
Bacteria
Eucharia
Archaea
Meiosis
Sperm and egg cells
Where a single cell reproduces/ divides to make 4 daughter cells
